{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155882870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2007.4373782","title":"KLEM: A Method for Predicting User Interaction Time and System Energy Consumption during Application Design","display_name":"KLEM: A Method for Predicting User Interaction Time and System Energy Consumption during Application Design","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155882870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2007.4373782","mag":"2155882870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswc.2007.4373782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2007.4373782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 11th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059720023","display_name":"Lu Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024012980","display_name":"Daniel P. Siewiorek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-3929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P. Siewiorek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059720023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7183,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75923493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.827276349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6848515272140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6745728254318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.6186408996582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.6045022010803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5651820302009583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5231579542160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5160836577415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.41082948446273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17491263151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17049533128738403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.827276349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6848515272140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6745728254318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.6186408996582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6045022010803223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5651820302009583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5231579542160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5160836577415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.41082948446273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17491263151168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17049533128738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iswc.2007.4373782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iswc.2007.4373782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 11th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.126.1284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.126.1284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~luluo/Publications/ISWC-07.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.141.6255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.141.6255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~15-821/CDROM/PAPERS/luo07.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159611592","https://openalex.org/W1508351905","https://openalex.org/W1991691398","https://openalex.org/W2020229533","https://openalex.org/W2034270808","https://openalex.org/W2035080477","https://openalex.org/W2056642052","https://openalex.org/W2064063270","https://openalex.org/W2065362328","https://openalex.org/W2071032470","https://openalex.org/W2080388606","https://openalex.org/W2081428746","https://openalex.org/W2094216315","https://openalex.org/W2097137764","https://openalex.org/W2100495723","https://openalex.org/W2121194142","https://openalex.org/W2125376322","https://openalex.org/W2130113385","https://openalex.org/W2133008350","https://openalex.org/W2145125216","https://openalex.org/W2206175796","https://openalex.org/W2315761891","https://openalex.org/W2615865818","https://openalex.org/W4253681233","https://openalex.org/W6606586698","https://openalex.org/W6659031111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034270808","https://openalex.org/W4293061881","https://openalex.org/W4297745244","https://openalex.org/W4214628662","https://openalex.org/W2156822401","https://openalex.org/W2037518538","https://openalex.org/W3092380670","https://openalex.org/W3125847301","https://openalex.org/W4313390786","https://openalex.org/W2089393798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,183],"impact":[1],"of":[2,10,73,87,113,125,146,153,170,189,219],"user":[3,17,53,134,154,168,184,224],"interactions":[4],"on":[5,16,32,79,157,173,194,223,230,233],"the":[6,25,42,52,71,80,133,138,143,158,190,234],"electric":[7],"energy":[8,44,57,144,188,231],"consumption":[9,58,232],"a":[11,33,47,84,99,105,111,151,167,199,204],"portable":[12],"computer":[13],"system":[14,56,130,147,187],"and":[15,30,55,90,109,186,203,221,226,228],"efficiency":[18],"is":[19,28,77],"often":[20],"not":[21],"obtainable":[22],"until":[23],"after":[24],"software":[26],"application":[27,74],"implemented":[29],"deployed":[31],"specific":[34],"hardware":[35,160],"platform.":[36,161],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,165],"present":[41],"keystroke-level":[43,81],"model":[45,82],"(KLEM),":[46],"method":[48],"that":[49,93,212],"can":[50,94],"predict":[51,95],"time":[54,69,97,185],"it":[59],"will":[60],"take":[61],"to":[62,118,132],"perform":[63],"an":[64,175,215],"interactive":[65],"task":[66,127,178],"at":[67],"run":[68],"during":[70],"phase":[72],"design.":[75],"KLEM":[76,124,213],"based":[78],"(KLM),":[83],"psychological":[85],"theory":[86],"human":[88],"cognitive":[89],"motor":[91],"capabilities":[92],"execution":[96],"for":[98],"skilled":[100],"user.":[101],"We":[102,121,141],"first":[103],"create":[104],"design":[106],"story":[107],"board":[108],"define":[110],"set":[112,152],"tasks":[114],"whose":[115],"KLMs":[116],"are":[117],"be":[119],"constructed.":[120],"then":[122],"construct":[123],"each":[126],"by":[128],"correlating":[129],"activities":[131,148],"actions":[135],"modeled":[136],"in":[137],"corresponding":[139],"KLM.":[140],"obtain":[142],"profiles":[145],"from":[149],"running":[150],"interaction":[155],"benchmarks":[156],"target":[159],"To":[162],"verify":[163],"KLEM,":[164],"conducted":[166],"study":[169],"10":[171],"participants":[172,191],"executing":[174],"information":[176],"query":[177],"using":[179],"eight":[180],"different":[181],"methods.":[182],"were":[192],"measured":[193],"two":[195,235],"popular":[196],"handheld":[197],"platforms:":[198],"Windows":[200],"Mobile":[201],"iPaq":[202],"Palm":[205],"OS":[206],"Tungsten.":[207],"Our":[208],"experimental":[209],"results":[210],"show":[211],"has":[214],"average":[216],"prediction":[217],"error":[218],"5.6%":[220],"8.8%":[222],"time,":[225],"4.4%":[227],"8.4%":[229],"platforms,":[236],"respectively.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
