{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413755526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130326","title":"Evaluating the Scalability of Binary and Ternary CNN Workloads on RRAM-based Compute-in-Memory Accelerators","display_name":"Evaluating the Scalability of Binary and Ternary CNN Workloads on RRAM-based Compute-in-Memory Accelerators","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413755526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092072526","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Cubero-Cascante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9575-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Cubero-Cascante","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008573070","display_name":"Rebecca Pelke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5156-7072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Pelke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119450627","display_name":"Noah Flohr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah Flohr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071599574","display_name":"Arunkumar M. Vaidyanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3428-6775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunkumar Vaidyanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023470562","display_name":"Rainer Leupers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-3033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Leupers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043596492","display_name":"Jan Moritz Joseph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-1225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Moritz Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Technologies and Embedded Systems, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96833804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.8360043168067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7404468059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.7237743139266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.701110303401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6575357913970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5043627023696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.4319959878921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.35312381386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.26301226019859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2140991985797882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.15431666374206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0949869453907013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09389781951904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07442325353622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05986499786376953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8360043168067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7404468059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.7237743139266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.701110303401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6575357913970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5043627023696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.4319959878921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.35312381386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.26301226019859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2140991985797882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.15431666374206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0949869453907013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09389781951904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07442325353622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05986499786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W2585407525","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2942216650","https://openalex.org/W2948661249","https://openalex.org/W2999093589","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3112740243","https://openalex.org/W3199467182","https://openalex.org/W4285217648","https://openalex.org/W4286906772","https://openalex.org/W4365449634","https://openalex.org/W4375869345","https://openalex.org/W4379769149","https://openalex.org/W4388626384","https://openalex.org/W4391547599","https://openalex.org/W4400681289","https://openalex.org/W4400811126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076211355","https://openalex.org/W2007070351","https://openalex.org/W2033811947","https://openalex.org/W2161073421","https://openalex.org/W2183989414","https://openalex.org/W1551399929","https://openalex.org/W2059661740","https://openalex.org/W2038212394","https://openalex.org/W4287750387","https://openalex.org/W3039944263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"computational":[2],"demand":[3],"of":[4,45,77,142],"Convolutional":[5],"Neural":[6],"Networks":[7],"(CNNs)":[8],"necessitates":[9],"energy-efficient":[10,183],"acceleration":[11],"strategies.":[12],"Compute-in-Memory":[13],"(CIM)":[14],"architectures":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17,85],"Resistive":[18],"Random":[19],"Access":[20],"Memory":[21],"(RRAM)":[22],"offer":[23],"a":[24,92,110,115,130,139,166],"promising":[25],"solution":[26],"by":[27,41],"reducing":[28],"data":[29],"movement":[30],"and":[31,54,81,114,144,160],"enabling":[32],"lowpower":[33],"in-situ":[34],"computations.":[35],"However,":[36],"their":[37],"efficiency":[38],"is":[39],"limited":[40,82],"the":[42,75,151],"high":[43],"cost":[44],"peripheral":[46],"circuits,":[47],"particularly":[48],"Analog-to-Digital":[49],"Converters":[50],"(ADCs).":[51],"Large":[52],"crossbars":[53],"low":[55],"ADC":[56,83,113,121,162],"resolutions":[57],"are":[58,127],"often":[59],"used":[60],"to":[61,73,95,105,157],"mitigate":[62],"this,":[63],"potentially":[64],"compromising":[65],"accuracy.":[66],"This":[67],"work":[68],"introduces":[69],"novel":[70],"simulation":[71],"methods":[72],"model":[74,90],"impact":[76],"resistive":[78],"wire":[79,158],"parasitics":[80,89,159],"resolution":[84,122,163],"RRAM":[86],"crossbars.":[87],"Our":[88],"employs":[91],"vectorised":[93],"algorithm":[94],"compute":[96],"crossbar":[97],"output":[98],"currents":[99],"with":[100,129],"errors":[101],"below":[102],"0.15%":[103],"compared":[104],"SPICE.":[106],"Additionally,":[107],"we":[108,137],"propose":[109],"variable":[111],"step-size":[112],"calibration":[116],"methodology":[117],"that":[118,150],"significantly":[119],"reduces":[120],"requirements.":[123],"These":[124,172],"accuracy":[125],"models":[126],"integrated":[128],"statistics-based":[131],"energy":[132,170],"model.":[133],"Using":[134],"our":[135],"framework,":[136],"conduct":[138],"comparative":[140],"analysis":[141],"binary":[143],"ternary":[145,152],"CNNs.":[146],"Experimental":[147],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"CNNs":[153],"exhibit":[154],"greater":[155],"resilience":[156],"lower":[161],"but":[164],"suffer":[165],"40%":[167],"reduction":[168],"in":[169],"efficiency.":[171],"findings":[173],"provide":[174],"valuable":[175],"insights":[176],"for":[177,182],"optimising":[178],"RRAM-based":[179],"CIM":[180],"accelerators":[181],"deep":[184],"learning.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
