{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413755179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130310","title":"SynAssert: Automated Synthesis of CSCA Leakage Patterns into Cost-Effective Security Assertions","display_name":"SynAssert: Automated Synthesis of CSCA Leakage Patterns into Cost-Effective Security Assertions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413755179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061289292","display_name":"Ali Azarpeyvand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Azarpeyvand Azarpeyvand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063637046","display_name":"Mohammad Eslami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7200-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Eslami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034460368","display_name":"Gert Jervan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-0187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gert Jervan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010286547","display_name":"Jaan Raik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-020X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaan Raik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042603430","display_name":"Tara Ghasempouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-9368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111112146","display_name":"Tallinn University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0443cwa12","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tara Ghasempouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tallinn University of Technology,Tallinn,Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061289292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111112146"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90983168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7138102650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.5212793350219727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7138102650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5212793350219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488058190","https://openalex.org/W2337480911","https://openalex.org/W2768516003","https://openalex.org/W2804883849","https://openalex.org/W2954241526","https://openalex.org/W2991055900","https://openalex.org/W3026235329","https://openalex.org/W3040636512","https://openalex.org/W3092464327","https://openalex.org/W3130213548","https://openalex.org/W3136493614","https://openalex.org/W3161749881","https://openalex.org/W4380609521","https://openalex.org/W4391604029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cache":[0],"timing":[1,6],"Side-Channel":[2],"Attacks":[3],"(CSCAs)":[4],"exploit":[5],"variations":[7],"in":[8,110],"consecutive":[9],"memory":[10],"accesses":[11],"to":[12,22,72,125],"a":[13,92,119],"single":[14],"cache":[15],"block,":[16],"known":[17,86],"as":[18],"Leakage":[19],"Patterns":[20],"(LPs),":[21],"access":[23],"sensitive":[24],"data.":[25],"Although":[26],"LPs":[27,66],"are":[28,100],"not":[29],"direct":[30],"attacks,":[31],"the":[32,49,59,76],"information":[33],"they":[34],"expose":[35],"can":[36],"facilitate":[37],"CSCAs.":[38],"Meltdown,":[39],"Spectre":[40],"and":[41,114,117],"modern":[42],"attacks":[43],"leverage":[44],"this":[45],"leaked":[46],"information,":[47],"highlighting":[48],"importance":[50],"of":[51,53,95,112],"awareness":[52],"these":[54],"patterns.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"introduces":[58],"SynAssert":[60,83],"framework,":[61],"which":[62,106],"automatically":[63],"synthesizes":[64],"state-of-the-art":[65],"into":[67,103],"SystemVerilog":[68],"Security":[69],"Assertions":[70],"(SAs)":[71],"detect":[73],"CSCAs":[74,87],"at":[75],"Register-Transfer":[77],"Level.":[78],"Experimental":[79],"results":[80],"show":[81],"that":[82],"detects":[84],"all":[85],"with":[88],"100%":[89],"accuracy,":[90],"generating":[91],"minimal":[93],"number":[94],"SAs":[96],"automatically.":[97],"These":[98],"assertions":[99],"then":[101],"transformed":[102],"hardware":[104],"checkers,":[105],"incur":[107],"acceptable":[108],"overhead":[109],"terms":[111],"area":[113],"power":[115],"consumption,":[116],"exhibit":[118],"lower":[120],"false":[121],"positive":[122],"rate":[123],"compared":[124],"existing":[126],"methods.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}