{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310717101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istt56288.2022.9966546","title":"Variations of total electron content during quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions over Malaysia","display_name":"Variations of total electron content during quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions over Malaysia","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310717101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istt56288.2022.9966546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/istt56288.2022.9966546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istt56288.2022.9966546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002837168","display_name":"Sadia Mostofa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-239X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadia Mostofa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Space Science Center, Institute of Climate Change,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Space Science Center, Institute of Climate Change,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053280209","display_name":"Mardina Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mardina Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Space Science Center, Institute of Climate Change,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Space Science Center, Institute of Climate Change,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748842","display_name":"Mohammad Tariqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-3209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Tariqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017102178","display_name":"Siti Aminah Bahari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-2136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Aminah Bahari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Space Science Center, Institute of Climate Change,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Kebangsaan Malaysia,Space Science Center, Institute of Climate Change,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027410381","display_name":"Mohammad Badal Ahmmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-6804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Badal Ahmmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Malaysia Pahang,Faculty of Computing,Pekan,Malaysia,26620"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Malaysia Pahang,Faculty of Computing,Pekan,Malaysia,26620","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21940381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"97","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.9601597785949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.862140417098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noon","display_name":"Noon","score":0.8133274912834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-magnetic-field","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","score":0.7687094211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storm","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","score":0.7503639459609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6802881360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.6338944435119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quiet","display_name":"QUIET","score":0.5703173279762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitude","display_name":"Longitude","score":0.5591934323310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.5390810966491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5161691308021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morning","display_name":"Morning","score":0.49989891052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4356403052806854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime","display_name":"Daytime","score":0.4164230227470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3236616849899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.27503466606140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21937605738639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.11120933294296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.056335777044296265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.9601597785949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.862140417098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58650310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168182","display_name":"Noon","level":2,"score":0.8133274912834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.7687094211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.7503639459609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6802881360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6338944435119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777185736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265603","display_name":"QUIET","level":2,"score":0.5703173279762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36477","display_name":"Longitude","level":3,"score":0.5591934323310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.5390810966491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5161691308021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.49989891052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4356403052806854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.4164230227470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3236616849899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.27503466606140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21937605738639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.11120933294296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.056335777044296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/istt56288.2022.9966546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istt56288.2022.9966546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 6th International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511538038","https://openalex.org/W1545415609","https://openalex.org/W1633852497","https://openalex.org/W1646170333","https://openalex.org/W2056859038","https://openalex.org/W2120403707","https://openalex.org/W2562550029","https://openalex.org/W2581894766","https://openalex.org/W2778628479","https://openalex.org/W2884260443","https://openalex.org/W2898360191","https://openalex.org/W2935333082","https://openalex.org/W3082667705","https://openalex.org/W3092187016","https://openalex.org/W3104446864","https://openalex.org/W3133219126","https://openalex.org/W3147262955","https://openalex.org/W3180447245","https://openalex.org/W3199278211","https://openalex.org/W4206084455","https://openalex.org/W4221054205","https://openalex.org/W6747099565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391986911","https://openalex.org/W3012062545","https://openalex.org/W4390484789","https://openalex.org/W2280162962","https://openalex.org/W2281447254","https://openalex.org/W4285619956","https://openalex.org/W2536398560","https://openalex.org/W2126967363","https://openalex.org/W3113677547","https://openalex.org/W4386487847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ionosphere":[0],"behavior":[1],"is":[2,76,176],"characterized":[3],"by":[4,19],"geographical":[5],"and":[6,39,52,100,122,163,193],"temporal":[7],"changes.":[8],"It":[9],"was":[10,35,129,151,169],"possible":[11],"to":[12,49,57,78,131],"determine":[13],"the":[14,17,22,64,80,83,134,138,146,154,158,178,197,201],"mobility":[15],"of":[16,67,82,110,167,200],"ionosphere":[18],"observing":[20],"how":[21],"total":[23],"electron":[24],"content":[25],"(TEC)":[26],"changed":[27],"over":[28,41],"time.":[29],"The":[30,70],"study":[31],"on":[32,141],"TEC":[33,74,84,147,168],"variation":[34],"conducted":[36],"in":[37,137,177,196],"2008":[38],"2009":[40],"Malaysia,":[42],"where":[43],"latitude":[44],"ranged":[45,54],"from":[46,55],"1\u00b0":[47],"N":[48],"8\u00b0":[50],"E":[51],"longitude":[53],"95\u00b0":[56],"120\u00b0":[58],"E,":[59],"with":[60,157],"each":[61],"year":[62],"reflecting":[63],"same":[65],"degree":[66],"solar":[68,101],"activity.":[69],"hourly":[71],"mean":[72],"vertical":[73],"(VTEC)":[75],"used":[77],"monitor":[79],"difference":[81],"under":[85],"various":[86],"geomagnetic":[87,111,135,149],"factors":[88],"such":[89],"as":[90],"disturbance":[91],"storm":[92,179],"time":[93],"(Dst),":[94],"planetary":[95],"3-hour":[96],"range":[97],"index":[98],"(Kp),":[99],"flux":[102],"F10.7":[103],"variations.":[104],"This":[105],"paper":[106],"considers":[107],"four":[108],"cases":[109],"disturbances":[112,136,150],"were":[113,184],"considered":[114],"9":[115],"March,":[116,118],"27":[117],"4":[119],"September":[120],"2008,":[121],"22":[123],"July":[124],"2009.":[125],"A":[126],"percentage":[127,159],"deviation":[128],"calculated":[130],"further":[132],"analyze":[133],"equatorial":[139],"region":[140],"quiet":[142,155],"days.":[143],"Results":[144],"showed":[145],"during":[148],"lower":[152],"than":[153],"day,":[156],"deviations":[160],"between":[161],"-20%":[162],"10%.":[164],"An":[165],"increment":[166],"shown":[170],"after":[171],"approximately":[172],"24":[173],"hours,":[174],"which":[175],"recovery":[180],"phase.":[181],"Also":[182],"found":[183],"that":[185],"GPS-TEC":[186],"reaches":[187],"its":[188,194],"highest":[189],"around":[190],"post":[191],"noon":[192],"lowest":[195],"small":[198],"hours":[199],"morning.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
