{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913944937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2018.8625377","title":"25 Years of Turbo Codes: From Mb/s to beyond 100 Gb/s","display_name":"25 Years of Turbo Codes: From Mb/s to beyond 100 Gb/s","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913944937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2018.8625377","mag":"2913944937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/istc.2018.8625377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2018.8625377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Turbo Codes &amp; Iterative Information Processing (ISTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTC.2018.8625377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003446426","display_name":"Stefan Weithoffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-6705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Weithoffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern","TU Kaiserslautern - Technical University of Kaiserslautern (PO Box 3 049 67.653 Kaiserslautern - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern - Technical University of Kaiserslautern (PO Box 3 049 67.653 Kaiserslautern - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043390452","display_name":"Charbel Abdel Nour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-7810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127572","display_name":"IMT Atlantique","ror":"https://ror.org/030hj3061","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charbel Abdel Nour","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT Atlantique, Department of Electronics, Lab-STICC - UMR","Lab-STICC_IMTA_CACS_IAS (Technopole Brest Iroise CS 83818 29238 BREST cedex 3 - France)","IMT Atlantique - ELEC - D\u00e9partement Electronique (IMT Atlantique - Campus de Brest - Technop\u00f4le Brest-Iroise CS 8381829238 BREST Cedex 3 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Atlantique, Department of Electronics, Lab-STICC - UMR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC_IMTA_CACS_IAS (Technopole Brest Iroise CS 83818 29238 BREST cedex 3 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Atlantique - ELEC - D\u00e9partement Electronique (IMT Atlantique - Campus de Brest - Technop\u00f4le Brest-Iroise CS 8381829238 BREST Cedex 3 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059285190","display_name":"Norbert Wehn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-086X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Wehn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern","TU Kaiserslautern - Technical University of Kaiserslautern (PO Box 3 049 67.653 Kaiserslautern - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern - Technical University of Kaiserslautern (PO Box 3 049 67.653 Kaiserslautern - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062848782","display_name":"Catherine Douillard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0437-7345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127572","display_name":"IMT Atlantique","ror":"https://ror.org/030hj3061","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Douillard","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT Atlantique, Department of Electronics, Lab-STICC - UMR","IMT Atlantique - ELEC - D\u00e9partement Electronique (IMT Atlantique - Campus de Brest - Technop\u00f4le Brest-Iroise CS 8381829238 BREST Cedex 3 - France)","Lab-STICC_IMTA_CACS_IAS (Technopole Brest Iroise CS 83818 29238 BREST cedex 3 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Atlantique, Department of Electronics, Lab-STICC - UMR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Atlantique - ELEC - D\u00e9partement Electronique (IMT Atlantique - Campus de Brest - Technop\u00f4le Brest-Iroise CS 8381829238 BREST Cedex 3 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC_IMTA_CACS_IAS (Technopole Brest Iroise CS 83818 29238 BREST cedex 3 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111505519","display_name":"Claude Berrou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127572","display_name":"IMT Atlantique","ror":"https://ror.org/030hj3061","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Berrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT Atlantique, Department of Electronics, Lab-STICC - UMR","IMT Atlantique - ELEC - D\u00e9partement Electronique (IMT Atlantique - Campus de Brest - Technop\u00f4le Brest-Iroise CS 8381829238 BREST Cedex 3 - France)","Lab-STICC_IMTA_CACS_IAS (Technopole Brest Iroise CS 83818 29238 BREST cedex 3 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Atlantique, Department of Electronics, Lab-STICC - UMR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Atlantique - ELEC - D\u00e9partement Electronique (IMT Atlantique - Campus de Brest - Technop\u00f4le Brest-Iroise CS 8381829238 BREST Cedex 3 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC_IMTA_CACS_IAS (Technopole Brest Iroise CS 83818 29238 BREST cedex 3 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210123702"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93507998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.7821391820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5875163078308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo","display_name":"Turbo","score":0.5549013018608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-equalizer","display_name":"Turbo equalizer","score":0.4242950677871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-concatenated-convolutional-codes","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","score":0.42163020372390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.25256818532943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23907062411308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18359479308128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1354566514492035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.1141011118888855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.7821391820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5875163078308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138513","display_name":"Turbo","level":2,"score":0.5549013018608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12232224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7853840","display_name":"Turbo equalizer","level":5,"score":0.4242950677871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33529081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378194","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","level":5,"score":0.42163020372390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.25256818532943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23907062411308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18359479308128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1354566514492035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.1141011118888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/istc.2018.8625377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2018.8625377","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Turbo Codes &amp; Iterative Information Processing (ISTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01869012v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://imt-atlantique.hal.science/hal-01869012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"10th International Symposium on Turbo Codes & Iterative Information Processing (ISTC 2018), Dec 2018, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China. &#x27E8;10.1109/ISTC.2018.8625377&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2560066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTC.2018.8625377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISTC 2018, International Symposium on Turbo Codes &amp; Iterative Information Processing 2018, Hong Kong, 3-7 December 2018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2560066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTC.2018.8625377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISTC 2018, International Symposium on Turbo Codes &amp; Iterative Information Processing 2018, Hong Kong, 3-7 December 2018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509202172","https://openalex.org/W2009089100","https://openalex.org/W2028018024","https://openalex.org/W2035187622","https://openalex.org/W2057052061","https://openalex.org/W2066859274","https://openalex.org/W2088215831","https://openalex.org/W2096400795","https://openalex.org/W2102902997","https://openalex.org/W2108001093","https://openalex.org/W2112480106","https://openalex.org/W2119411189","https://openalex.org/W2121606987","https://openalex.org/W2123619311","https://openalex.org/W2126419525","https://openalex.org/W2131769628","https://openalex.org/W2135321742","https://openalex.org/W2138065170","https://openalex.org/W2144256528","https://openalex.org/W2144793011","https://openalex.org/W2146854905","https://openalex.org/W2154185977","https://openalex.org/W2154195457","https://openalex.org/W2156938362","https://openalex.org/W2167761279","https://openalex.org/W2294816494","https://openalex.org/W2474459891","https://openalex.org/W2516909704","https://openalex.org/W2537559763","https://openalex.org/W2543911340","https://openalex.org/W2770289364","https://openalex.org/W2770836613","https://openalex.org/W2773047241","https://openalex.org/W2963429679","https://openalex.org/W2987657883","https://openalex.org/W3140584928","https://openalex.org/W4234432905","https://openalex.org/W4256648168","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6657397610","https://openalex.org/W6678357285","https://openalex.org/W6721116403","https://openalex.org/W6746137591","https://openalex.org/W6747090602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161351338","https://openalex.org/W2031266772","https://openalex.org/W4287740435","https://openalex.org/W2103764150","https://openalex.org/W1925052465","https://openalex.org/W2116478666","https://openalex.org/W2126450554","https://openalex.org/W1503126716","https://openalex.org/W1980604010","https://openalex.org/W2170762214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"demonstrate":[4],"how":[5],"the":[6,42,48,82,90,105,118],"development":[7],"of":[8,22,84,89,98,117,128,135,147],"parallel":[9,44,100,149],"hardware":[10,151],"architectures":[11,56],"for":[12,37,57,112],"turbo":[13,65,74],"decoding":[14],"can":[15],"be":[16],"continued":[17],"to":[18,144],"achieve":[19],"a":[20,58,68,113,126],"throughput":[21,127],"more":[23],"than":[24,41],"100":[25],"Gb/s.":[26],"A":[27],"new,":[28],"fully":[29,43,99],"pipelined":[30],"architecture":[31,120],"shows":[32],"better":[33],"error":[34,91],"correcting":[35,92],"performance":[36,93],"high":[38,95],"code":[39,66,75,96],"rates":[40,97],"approaches":[45],"known":[46],"from":[47,104],"literature.":[49,106],"This":[50],"is":[51,102],"demonstrated":[52],"by":[53],"comparing":[54],"both":[55],"frame":[59,69],"size":[60,70],"K":[61,71],"=":[62,72],"128":[63,73],"LTE":[64],"and":[67,131],"with":[76],"parity":[77],"puncture":[78],"constrained":[79],"interleaving.":[80],"To":[81],"best":[83],"our":[85],"knowledge,":[86],"an":[87,132],"investigation":[88],"at":[94],"decoders":[101],"missing":[103],"Moreover,":[107],"place":[108],"&":[109],"route":[110],"results":[111],"case":[114],"study":[115],"implementation":[116],"new":[119],"on":[121],"28":[122],"nm":[123],"technology":[124],"show":[125],"102.4":[129],"Gb/s":[130],"area":[133],"efficiency":[134],"4.34":[136],"Gb/s/mm":[137],"<sup":[138],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[139],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[140],"making":[141],"it":[142],"superior":[143],"reported":[145],"implementations":[146],"other":[148],"decoder":[150],"architectures.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}