{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008314255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2014.6955086","title":"On characterization of elementary trapping sets of variable-regular LDPC codes","display_name":"On characterization of elementary trapping sets of variable-regular LDPC codes","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008314255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2014.6955086","mag":"2008314255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/istc.2014.6955086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2014.6955086","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 8th International Symposium on Turbo Codes and Iterative Information Processing (ISTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mehdi Karimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Karimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Dept. of Systems and Computer Eng., Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Systems and Computer Eng., Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046274917","display_name":"Amir H. Banihashemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-5256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir H. Banihashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","Dept. of Systems and Computer Eng., Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Systems and Computer Eng., Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74670273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"62","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6798592805862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.606966495513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6006761789321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5455519556999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5355985164642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5170560479164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5051403641700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.49389153718948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4617154598236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4606504440307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.44227561354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanner-graph","display_name":"Tanner graph","score":0.41819819808006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3893132209777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3462347090244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.32858413457870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32787591218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32468879222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31597769260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30902475118637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-floor","display_name":"Error floor","score":0.15806594491004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09036704897880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0871380865573883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6798592805862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.606966495513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6006761789321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5455519556999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5355985164642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5170560479164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5051403641700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.49389153718948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4617154598236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4606504440307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44227561354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7683664","display_name":"Tanner graph","level":5,"score":0.41819819808006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3893132209777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3462347090244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.32858413457870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32787591218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32468879222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31597769260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30902475118637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46462455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5395712","display_name":"Error floor","level":4,"score":0.15806594491004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09036704897880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0871380865573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/istc.2014.6955086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istc.2014.6955086","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 8th International Symposium on Turbo Codes and Iterative Information Processing (ISTC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484692004","https://openalex.org/W1772907943","https://openalex.org/W1972047510","https://openalex.org/W2006813705","https://openalex.org/W2008209264","https://openalex.org/W2008314255","https://openalex.org/W2009260494","https://openalex.org/W2119017156","https://openalex.org/W2119210254","https://openalex.org/W2125166108","https://openalex.org/W2151875415","https://openalex.org/W2156541068","https://openalex.org/W2170998175","https://openalex.org/W2553702736","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6628810906","https://openalex.org/W6638033105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968533815","https://openalex.org/W2808439818","https://openalex.org/W2126464345","https://openalex.org/W2150639697","https://openalex.org/W2351144917","https://openalex.org/W2090897912","https://openalex.org/W2142415334","https://openalex.org/W2125154953","https://openalex.org/W1526609637","https://openalex.org/W2022144581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,230],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,49,124],"study":[4,88],"the":[5,24,35,52,66,74,81,85,113,117,131,143,161,185,189,194,206,236,242],"graphical":[6],"structure":[7,207],"of":[8,13,27,37,55,59,68,76,84,94,97,104,116,122,138,156,188,208,229,244],"elementary":[9],"trapping":[10],"sets":[11],"(ETS)":[12],"variable-regular":[14],"low-density":[15],"parity-check":[16],"(LDPC)":[17],"codes.":[18],"ETSs":[19,98,157,195,209],"are":[20,210],"known":[21],"to":[22,90,148,171,177],"be":[23,233],"main":[25],"cause":[26],"error":[28,237,249],"floor":[29,238],"in":[30,80,112,130,199],"LDPC":[31,38,245],"coding":[32],"schemes.":[33],"For":[34,119],"set":[36,128],"codes":[39,246],"with":[40,100,196,247],"a":[41,64,91,105,134,139,153,169,178,200],"given":[42],"variable":[43,69,166],"node":[44,167],"degree":[45],"dland":[46],"girth":[47],"g,":[48],"identify":[50],"all":[51,193],"non-isomorphic":[53],"structures":[54],"an":[56],"arbitrary":[57],"class":[58,132],"(a,":[60],"b)":[61,107],"ETSs,":[62,123],"where":[63,142],"is":[65,73,133,146,152],"number":[67,75],"nodes":[70,79],"and":[71,106,163,191,222,240],"b":[72,224],"odd-degree":[77],"check":[78],"induced":[82],"subgraph":[83],"ETS.":[86],"Our":[87],"leads":[89],"simple":[92,179],"characterization":[93,175],"dominant":[95],"classes":[96,121],"(those":[99],"relatively":[101],"small":[102],"values":[103],"based":[108],"on":[109,205],"short":[110,140,186],"cycles":[111,187],"Tanner":[114],"graph":[115,190],"code.":[118],"such":[120],"prove":[125],"that":[126,150,158,182],"any":[127],"S":[129],"layered":[135],"superset":[136],"(LSS)":[137],"cycle,":[141],"term":[144],"\u201clayered\u201d":[145],"used":[147,234],"indicate":[149],"there":[151],"nested":[154],"sequence":[155],"starts":[159,183],"from":[160,184],"cycle":[162],"grows,":[164],"one":[165],"at":[168],"time,":[170],"generate":[172],"S.":[173],"This":[174],"corresponds":[176],"search":[180],"algorithm":[181],"finds":[192],"LSS":[197],"property":[198],"guaranteed":[201],"fashion.":[202],"Specific":[203],"results":[204,228],"presented":[211],"for":[212,235,241],"dl=":[213],"3,":[214],"4,":[215],"5,":[216],"6,":[217,220],"g":[218],"=":[219],"8":[221],"a,":[223],"\u2264":[225],"10.":[226],"The":[227],"work":[231],"can":[232],"analysis":[239],"design":[243],"low":[248],"floors.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}