{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990114447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas.2007.4362227","title":"Using Organizational Structure to Overcome Uncertainties in Technology","display_name":"Using Organizational Structure to Overcome Uncertainties in Technology","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990114447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas.2007.4362227","mag":"1990114447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/istas.2007.4362227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas.2007.4362227","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070346801","display_name":"Karl Perusich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Perusich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, USA","Purdue University [West Lafayette]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University [West Lafayette]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070346801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4845,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87730095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.949400007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7756210565567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battle","display_name":"Battle","score":0.723903238773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6831375360488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.593650221824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.4823826849460602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-structure","display_name":"Organizational structure","score":0.47436007857322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.45295628905296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.4111734628677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.39806270599365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3312543034553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2493499517440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22748678922653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14823120832443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1464082896709442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.12950578331947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.08582916855812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.07832816243171692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7756210565567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.723903238773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6831375360488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.593650221824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4823826849460602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759524","display_name":"Organizational structure","level":2,"score":0.47436007857322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.45295628905296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4111734628677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.39806270599365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3312543034553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2493499517440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22748678922653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14823120832443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1464082896709442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12950578331947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08582916855812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.07832816243171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/istas.2007.4362227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas.2007.4362227","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003499304","https://openalex.org/W2081545601","https://openalex.org/W2097819291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003237632","https://openalex.org/W2120337598","https://openalex.org/W2350977361","https://openalex.org/W2348097125","https://openalex.org/W3030212771","https://openalex.org/W2000391299","https://openalex.org/W2994023542","https://openalex.org/W2999081595","https://openalex.org/W1558737772","https://openalex.org/W4390270848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technology":[0],"can":[1,40,181],"be":[2,182],"a":[3,9,13,42,111,143,166],"formidable":[4],"multiplier":[5,145],"when":[6,57],"used":[7,110,183],"as":[8,22,142,165],"tool":[10],"in":[11,32,53,97,150,160,175],"accomplishing":[12],"goal":[14],"or":[15],"task":[16],"especially":[17,51],"during":[18,82],"its":[19,33],"initial":[20],"deployment":[21,74],"operators":[23],"become":[24],"acclimated":[25],"to":[26,169,184],"using":[27],"it.":[28,190],"The":[29,87],"uncertainties,":[30],"though,":[31],"use":[34,76,158],"and":[35,75,94,109,120],"the":[36,54,73,80,83,98,103,117,123,126,147,151,161,172,177,186],"information":[37],"it":[38,100,153],"provides":[39],"provide":[41],"distorted":[43],"picture":[44],"of":[45,69,77,85,122,125,139,163],"an":[46],"emerging":[47],"situation.":[48],"This":[49,155],"is":[50,72],"true":[52],"military":[55],"environment":[56],"new":[58],"technologies":[59],"for":[60,116],"supporting":[61],"decision":[62],"making":[63],"are":[64],"introduced.":[65],"A":[66],"classic":[67],"example":[68,168],"this":[70,108],"paradigm":[71],"radar":[78,135,159],"by":[79,129],"British":[81],"Battle":[84,162],"Britain.":[86],"technology":[88,178],"was":[89,179],"very":[90,92,95,112],"new,":[91],"primitive,":[93],"fuzzy":[96],"data":[99,127,152],"provided.":[101,154],"But":[102],"RAF":[104],"(Royal":[105],"Air":[106],"Force)recognized":[107],"tight":[113],"organizational":[114,133,173],"structure":[115,174],"filtering,":[118],"analysis":[119],"dissemination":[121],"interpretations":[124],"provided":[128],"radar.":[130],"Without":[131],"their":[132],"structure,":[134],"would":[136],"have":[137],"been":[138],"little":[140],"value":[141],"force":[144],"given":[146],"inherent":[148],"uncertainties":[149],"paper":[156],"will":[157],"Britain":[164],"historical":[167],"examine":[170],"how":[171],"which":[176],"deployed":[180],"manage":[185],"uncertainty":[187],"associated":[188],"with":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}