{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009783492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist48021.2019.9010179","title":"A CAD System for the Early Prediction of Hypertension based on Changes in Cerebral Vasculature","display_name":"A CAD System for the Early Prediction of Hypertension based on Changes in Cerebral Vasculature","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009783492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist48021.2019.9010179","mag":"3009783492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ist48021.2019.9010179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist48021.2019.9010179","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046226018","display_name":"Heba Kandil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-5574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba Kandil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer Science and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computer Science and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013054530","display_name":"Ahmed Soliman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-3416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, BioImaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, BioImaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015357458","display_name":"Fatma Taher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-9081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma Taher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zayed University, Dubai, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zayed University, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020634024","display_name":"Mohammed Ghazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-6698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ghazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078452344","display_name":"Mohiuddin Hadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6981-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohiuddin Hadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069633988","display_name":"Guruprasad A. Giridharan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guruprasad Giridharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, BioImaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, BioImaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057705","display_name":"Ayman El\u2010Baz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman El-Baz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, BioImaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, KY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, BioImaging Laboratory, University of Louisville, KY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71374719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10924","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6210376024246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6195454597473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.564320981502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.5366588830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5276511907577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5166540741920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5007035732269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.49865174293518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4913085997104645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.34265100955963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07292664051055908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6210376024246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6195454597473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.564320981502533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.5366588830947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5276511907577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5166540741920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5007035732269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.49865174293518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4913085997104645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34265100955963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07292664051055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ist48021.2019.9010179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ist48021.2019.9010179","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3210937336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002213769330660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964049214","https://openalex.org/W1972829195","https://openalex.org/W1972911854","https://openalex.org/W1973807084","https://openalex.org/W1981009218","https://openalex.org/W1983414436","https://openalex.org/W1988082450","https://openalex.org/W1994351320","https://openalex.org/W2006039944","https://openalex.org/W2016721454","https://openalex.org/W2041929728","https://openalex.org/W2043478908","https://openalex.org/W2117340355","https://openalex.org/W2120309176","https://openalex.org/W2141619730","https://openalex.org/W2146516513","https://openalex.org/W2166887721","https://openalex.org/W2168947243","https://openalex.org/W2244538192","https://openalex.org/W2595766974","https://openalex.org/W2604251408","https://openalex.org/W2768267412","https://openalex.org/W2807610428","https://openalex.org/W2903798490","https://openalex.org/W2917173569","https://openalex.org/W2965150466","https://openalex.org/W3116200571","https://openalex.org/W6690448112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2334610590","https://openalex.org/W2320366403","https://openalex.org/W3204197061","https://openalex.org/W4251350712","https://openalex.org/W637098845","https://openalex.org/W2410116073","https://openalex.org/W3044972437","https://openalex.org/W4287707480","https://openalex.org/W2095030957","https://openalex.org/W2066827917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hypertension":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,11,40,87,107,151,159],"leading":[3],"cause":[4],"for":[5,48,146,198,205],"mortality":[6],"in":[7,163],"the":[8,31,49,57,65,71,75,98,103,132,138,143,174,178,190],"US":[9],"and":[10,17,93,115,124,136,167,209],"significant":[12],"contributor":[13],"to":[14,69,96,129,182],"many":[15],"vascular":[16,19,28,120,180,194],"non":[18],"diseases.":[20],"Previous":[21],"literature":[22],"reports":[23],"suggest":[24],"that":[25,126],"specific":[26],"cerebral":[27,104],"alterations":[29,191],"precede":[30],"onset":[32],"of":[33,52,56,64,119,134,176,192,202],"hypertension.":[34,53,186],"In":[35],"this":[36],"manuscript,":[37],"we":[38],"propose":[39],"magnetic":[41,76],"resonance":[42],"angiography":[43],"(MRA)-based":[44],"computer-aided-diagnosis":[45],"(CAD)":[46],"system":[47,60],"early":[50],"detection":[51],"The":[54],"steps":[55],"proposed":[58,179],"CAD":[59],"are:":[61],"1)":[62],"preprocessing":[63],"MRA":[66],"input":[67,148],"data":[68,95,149],"correct":[70],"bias":[72],"resulting":[73],"from":[74],"field,":[77],"remove":[78],"noise":[79],"effects,":[80],"reduce":[81],"contrast":[82],"non-uniformities,":[83],"enhance":[84,97],"homogeneity":[85],"using":[86,106,142,150,177],"generalized":[88],"Gauss-Markov":[89],"random":[90],"field":[91],"(GGMRF),":[92],"normalize":[94],"segmentation":[99],"process,":[100],"2)":[101],"delineating":[102],"vasculature":[105],"deep":[108],"3-D":[109],"convolutional":[110],"neural":[111],"network":[112],"(CNN)":[113],"automatically":[114],"accurately,":[116],"3)":[117],"extraction":[118],"features":[121,181,195],"(cerebrovascular":[122],"diameters":[123],"tortuosity)":[125],"are":[127],"reported":[128],"change":[130],"with":[131],"progression":[133],"hypertension":[135,204],"constructing":[137],"feature":[139,144],"vectors,":[140],"4)":[141],"vectors":[145],"classifying":[147],"support":[152],"vector":[153],"machine":[154],"(SVM)":[155],"classifier.":[156],"We":[157],"report":[158],"90%":[160],"classification":[161],"accuracy":[162],"distinguishing":[164],"between":[165],"normal":[166],"potential":[168],"hypertensive":[169],"subjects.":[170],"These":[171],"results":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"efficacy":[175],"predict":[183],"pre-hypertension":[184],"or":[185],"Clinicians":[187],"could":[188],"track":[189],"these":[193],"over":[196],"time":[197],"people":[199],"at":[200],"risk":[201],"developing":[203],"optimal":[206],"medical":[207],"management":[208],"mitigate":[210],"adverse":[211],"events.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}