{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046255282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issre.2013.6698896","title":"A host-based anomaly detection approach by representing system calls as states of kernel modules","display_name":"A host-based anomaly detection approach by representing system calls as states of kernel modules","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046255282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issre.2013.6698896","mag":"2046255282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/issre.2013.6698896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issre.2013.6698896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032967266","display_name":"Syed Shariyar Murtaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-4783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Shariyar Murtaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Concordia Univ., Montre\u0301al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Concordia Univ., Montre\u0301al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035349718","display_name":"Wael Khreich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael Khreich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Concordia Univ., Montre\u0301al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Concordia Univ., Montre\u0301al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058884064","display_name":"Abdelwahab Hamou\u2010Lhadj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-5006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148195","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dwckp88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelwahab Hamou-Lhadj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University, Montreal, QC, CA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Concordia Univ., Montre\u0301al, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, QC, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472","https://openalex.org/I4210148195"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Concordia Univ., Montre\u0301al, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014912145","display_name":"Mario Couture","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Couture","raw_affiliation_strings":["System of Systems Section, Software Analysis and Robustness Group, Valcartier, QC, Canada","Software Anal. & Robustness Group, Defence R&D Canada (DRDC), Valcartier, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System of Systems Section, Software Analysis and Robustness Group, Valcartier, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Anal. & Robustness Group, Defence R&D Canada (DRDC), Valcartier, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96503991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"431","last_page":"440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8082459568977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7967900037765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.785285234451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-call","display_name":"System call","score":0.7113693952560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.6502954959869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6257872581481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.596558690071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.5949077606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5915759801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.5016841888427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.4989171028137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44960716366767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.4186228811740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41774114966392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29011982679367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18915969133377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12824976444244385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8082459568977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7967900037765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.785285234451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722192","display_name":"System call","level":2,"score":0.7113693952560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6502954959869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6257872581481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.596558690071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5949077606201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5915759801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5016841888427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.4989171028137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44960716366767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4186228811740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41774114966392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29011982679367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18915969133377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12824976444244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/issre.2013.6698896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issre.2013.6698896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496741998","https://openalex.org/W1562890122","https://openalex.org/W1673935915","https://openalex.org/W1941427975","https://openalex.org/W1948664808","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W1993943803","https://openalex.org/W2006862475","https://openalex.org/W2007087405","https://openalex.org/W2085305295","https://openalex.org/W2093488494","https://openalex.org/W2095979141","https://openalex.org/W2100533862","https://openalex.org/W2101899163","https://openalex.org/W2106442760","https://openalex.org/W2118372007","https://openalex.org/W2118528519","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2125908974","https://openalex.org/W2129860818","https://openalex.org/W2139731313","https://openalex.org/W2147191819","https://openalex.org/W2152955798","https://openalex.org/W2155293476","https://openalex.org/W2161085373","https://openalex.org/W2166855330","https://openalex.org/W2167240430","https://openalex.org/W2182003360","https://openalex.org/W2183982463","https://openalex.org/W2405151678","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W3136767761","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W6633776688","https://openalex.org/W6637492030","https://openalex.org/W6642210281","https://openalex.org/W6713502410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385758958","https://openalex.org/W2183313954","https://openalex.org/W1969635302","https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W2165968459","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W1989866424","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W2532369412","https://openalex.org/W2013909972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"over":[1],"two":[2],"decades":[3],"of":[4,57,70,84,86,102,120],"research,":[5],"high":[6,14],"false":[7,34,151],"alarm":[8,35],"rates,":[9],"large":[10,156],"trace":[11],"sizes":[12],"and":[13,37,77,90,105,123,140,153],"processing":[15,38,162],"times":[16,163],"remain":[17],"among":[18],"the":[19,33,42,74,82,95,131,166,170],"key":[20,61],"issues":[21],"in":[22,88],"host-based":[23],"anomaly":[24,50,173],"intrusion":[25,174],"detection":[26,43,51,175],"systems.":[27,176],"In":[28,93],"an":[29],"attempt":[30],"to":[31,64],"reduce":[32],"rate":[36],"time":[39],"while":[40],"increasing":[41],"rate,":[44],"this":[45,114],"paper":[46],"presents":[47],"a":[48,99,107,124],"novel":[49],"technique":[52,97,115,148],"based":[53,118,172],"on":[54,116,134],"semantic":[55],"interactions":[56],"system":[58,66,103],"calls.":[59],"The":[60,143],"concept":[62],"is":[63],"represent":[65],"calls":[67],"as":[68],"states":[69,87],"kernel":[71],"modules,":[72],"analyze":[73],"state":[75],"interactions,":[76],"identify":[78],"anomalies":[79],"by":[80],"comparing":[81],"probabilities":[83],"occurrences":[85],"normal":[89],"anomalous":[91],"traces.":[92],"addition,":[94],"proposed":[96],"allows":[98],"visual":[100],"understanding":[101],"behaviour,":[104],"hence":[106],"more":[108],"informed":[109],"decision":[110],"making.":[111],"We":[112,129],"evaluated":[113],"Linux":[117,135],"programs":[119],"UNM":[121],"datasets":[122],"new":[125],"modern":[126],"Firefox":[127,132],"dataset.":[128],"created":[130],"dataset":[133],"using":[136],"contemporary":[137],"test":[138],"suites":[139],"hacking":[141],"techniques.":[142],"results":[144],"show":[145],"that":[146],"our":[147],"yields":[149],"fewer":[150],"alarms":[152],"can":[154],"handle":[155],"traces":[157],"with":[158],"smaller":[159],"(or":[160],"comparable)":[161],"compared":[164],"against":[165],"existing":[167],"techniques":[168],"for":[169],"host":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
