{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110233806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isspa.2003.1224906","title":"PC based offline Arabic text recognition system","display_name":"PC based offline Arabic text recognition system","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110233806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isspa.2003.1224906","mag":"2110233806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isspa.2003.1224906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isspa.2003.1224906","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082999010","display_name":"Abdelmalek Zidouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Zidouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053662486","display_name":"Muhammad Sarfraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-9132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sarfraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024367089","display_name":"S.N. Nawaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.N. Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014097049","display_name":"Mostak Ahmad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J. Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082999010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17478829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"e78 d","issue":null,"first_page":"431","last_page":"434 vol.2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7976845502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6217533349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-numerals","display_name":"Arabic numerals","score":0.555823028087616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5197900533676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5051081776618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.5007097721099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4857192635536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.4708178639411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4649316966533661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4282565116882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4190351366996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.27166134119033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17432662844657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11017000675201416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7976845502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6217533349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82054205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29961325","display_name":"Arabic numerals","level":2,"score":0.555823028087616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5197900533676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5051081776618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5007097721099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4857192635536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4708178639411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4649316966533661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4282565116882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4190351366996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.27166134119033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17432662844657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11017000675201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isspa.2003.1224906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isspa.2003.1224906","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai::14633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.kfupm.edu.sa/id/eprint/14633/2/14633_2.doc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400607","display_name":"Research Publication Repository of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","host_organization_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175300340","https://openalex.org/W329566593","https://openalex.org/W2015421919","https://openalex.org/W2030881003","https://openalex.org/W2131823159","https://openalex.org/W2142336626","https://openalex.org/W2143786659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312612713","https://openalex.org/W2042634493","https://openalex.org/W4379163283","https://openalex.org/W2728450881","https://openalex.org/W2100798736","https://openalex.org/W2481236784","https://openalex.org/W4383748232","https://openalex.org/W2085262576","https://openalex.org/W2786227708","https://openalex.org/W4388089185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Character":[0],"recognition":[1,35],"systems":[2],"can":[3,13],"contribute":[4],"tremendously":[5],"to":[6],"the":[7,15,47],"advancement":[8],"of":[9,36,55],"automation":[10],"process":[11],"and":[12,19,39],"improve":[14],"interaction":[16],"between":[17],"man":[18],"machine":[20,48,75],"in":[21,53,76],"many":[22],"applications.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper":[26],"we":[27],"describe":[28],"a":[29,73],"PC":[30],"based":[31,44],"system":[32,42,69],"for":[33],"offline":[34],"Arabic":[37,50],"characters":[38],"numerals.":[40],"The":[41,68],"is":[43,70],"on":[45,72],"expressing":[46],"printed":[49],"alpha-numeric":[51],"text":[52],"terms":[54],"strokes":[56],"obtained":[57],"by":[58],"modified":[59],"MCR":[60],"Expression":[61],"[Chinveerapphan,":[62],"S.":[63],"et":[64],"al.,":[65],"Apr.":[66],"1995].":[67],"implemented":[71],"PIII":[74],"visual":[77],"programming":[78],"language":[79],"under":[80],"Windows":[81],"environment.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}