{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210250788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582499","title":"Adaptive test case selection for DNN-based perception functions","display_name":"Adaptive test case selection for DNN-based perception functions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210250788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582499","mag":"3210250788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052827322","display_name":"Johannes Bernhard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254181534","display_name":"ZF Friedrichshafen (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wbbm64","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254181534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Bernhard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institue of Technology, Germany","Research and Development, ZF Friedrichshafen AG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institue of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, ZF Friedrichshafen AG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254181534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070638867","display_name":"Thomas Schulik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-2688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254181534","display_name":"ZF Friedrichshafen (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wbbm64","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254181534"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schulik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development, ZF Friedrichshafen AG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, ZF Friedrichshafen AG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254181534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061432254","display_name":"Mark Schutera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-7274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159082","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Assistenzsysteme und Qualifizierung","ror":"https://ror.org/052rnf523","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I254181534","display_name":"ZF Friedrichshafen (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wbbm64","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I254181534"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Schutera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institue of Technology, Germany","Research and Development, ZF Friedrichshafen AG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institue of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159082"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, ZF Friedrichshafen AG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I254181534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080457302","display_name":"Eric Sax","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Sax","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institue of Technology, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institue of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052827322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178","https://openalex.org/I254181534"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80537093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7566121816635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5803513526916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5715277194976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5675485730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5573404431343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5199609994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4839761257171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4767485558986664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4763113260269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.44972798228263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3416944742202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.17351675033569336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7566121816635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5803513526916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5715277194976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5675485730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5573404431343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5199609994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4839761257171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4767485558986664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4763113260269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.44972798228263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3416944742202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.17351675033569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142920396","https://openalex.org/W616055941","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2040434142","https://openalex.org/W2067829701","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2149183242","https://openalex.org/W2171029115","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2514314667","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2801779715","https://openalex.org/W2813121583","https://openalex.org/W2884173352","https://openalex.org/W2896921100","https://openalex.org/W2962702177","https://openalex.org/W2962998905","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2989976491","https://openalex.org/W2990955823","https://openalex.org/W2991434687","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3015571647","https://openalex.org/W3034465864","https://openalex.org/W3104250134","https://openalex.org/W3110687307","https://openalex.org/W3153771316","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6694517276","https://openalex.org/W6735463952","https://openalex.org/W6753549481","https://openalex.org/W6779297069"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W4378874356","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W2369811061","https://openalex.org/W3089997100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"progress":[1],"in":[2,24],"deep":[3,21,152],"learning":[4,22,153],"methods":[5,23],"has":[6,39],"bolstered":[7],"the":[8,14,18,42,60,105,111,122,148,203],"development":[9],"of":[10,20,44,63,88,99,150,183,198,205],"automated":[11],"vehicles":[12],"during":[13],"last":[15],"decade.":[16],"However,":[17],"deployment":[19],"safety-critical":[25],"applications":[26],"raised":[27],"questions":[28],"on":[29,85],"their":[30,181],"safety.":[31],"Like":[32],"other":[33],"vehicle":[34],"components,":[35],"a":[36,96,139,151,161,169,195],"testing":[37,76,106],"process":[38,107],"to":[40,54,59,68,121,146,168,179],"prove":[41],"reliability":[43],"perception":[45,56,123],"systems.":[46],"Scalability":[47],"issues":[48],"arise":[49],"when":[50],"using":[51,155],"real-world":[52],"data":[53,65,83,158],"validate":[55],"algorithms":[57,124],"due":[58],"immense":[61],"amount":[62,98],"sensor":[64],"that":[66,118,190],"needs":[67],"be":[69],"tested.":[70],"Simulation":[71],"tools":[72,93],"can":[73,80,94,193],"complement":[74],"this":[75],"process,":[77],"as":[78],"they":[79],"fabricate":[81],"synthetic":[82,156],"based":[84],"variable":[86],"specifications":[87,117],"test":[89,100,116,143,206],"cases.":[90],"While":[91],"simulative":[92],"produce":[95],"vast":[97],"data,":[101],"at":[102],"some":[103],"point,":[104],"is":[108,125],"limited":[109],"by":[110,160,208],"available":[112],"computing":[113,131],"resources.":[114],"Identifying":[115],"pose":[119],"risks":[120],"crucial":[126],"for":[127,141],"efficiently":[128],"utilizing":[129],"these":[130],"resources":[132],"and":[133,173],"estimating":[134],"functional":[135],"reliability.":[136],"We":[137,164],"present":[138],"pipeline":[140,192],"adaptive":[142,176],"case":[144],"selection":[145],"expose":[147],"faults":[149,200],"system":[154,199],"image":[157],"generated":[159],"simulation":[162],"framework.":[163],"apply":[165],"our":[166,191],"concept":[167],"state-of-the-art":[170],"object":[171],"detector":[172],"implement":[174],"multiple":[175],"sampling":[177],"strategies":[178],"demonstrate":[180],"ability":[182],"early":[184],"fault":[185],"detection.":[186],"Our":[187],"experiments":[188],"show":[189],"achieve":[194],"95%":[196],"coverage":[197],"while":[201],"reducing":[202],"number":[204],"executions":[207],"90%.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
