{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211138351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582439","title":"Requirement Engineering in the Age of System and Product Complexity \u2013 A Literature Review","display_name":"Requirement Engineering in the Age of System and Product Complexity \u2013 A Literature Review","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211138351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582439","mag":"3211138351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067659385","display_name":"Maximilian Vierlboeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-1216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Vierlboeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems & Enterprise, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems & Enterprise, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050471174","display_name":"Roshanak Nilchiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1488-9934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roshanak R. Nilchiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems & Enterprise, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems & Enterprise, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067659385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85644419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6497083902359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirement","display_name":"Requirement","score":0.5960146188735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.5947712659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.5737404227256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5393372178077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5182145237922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity-management","display_name":"Complexity management","score":0.5003349781036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4710381329059601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.44146230816841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-process","display_name":"Engineering design process","score":0.4231202304363251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-development","display_name":"New product development","score":0.4173807203769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.4106796383857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3578241169452667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3421575427055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20652887225151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09762847423553467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6497083902359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135475081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774228","display_name":"Requirement","level":4,"score":0.5960146188735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.5947712659835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.5737404227256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5393372178077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5182145237922668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57936825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780925","display_name":"Complexity management","level":2,"score":0.5003349781036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4710381329059601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.44146230816841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.4231202304363251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.4173807203769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4106796383857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3578241169452667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3421575427055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20652887225151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09762847423553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isse51541.2021.9582439","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":145,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14926669","https://openalex.org/W78707615","https://openalex.org/W132293876","https://openalex.org/W138778704","https://openalex.org/W163017612","https://openalex.org/W595642978","https://openalex.org/W600335270","https://openalex.org/W601700813","https://openalex.org/W631849008","https://openalex.org/W1528454338","https://openalex.org/W1540343830","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1588942736","https://openalex.org/W1616637528","https://openalex.org/W1648570772","https://openalex.org/W1840179027","https://openalex.org/W1840884391","https://openalex.org/W1939713718","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1964992116","https://openalex.org/W1975598632","https://openalex.org/W1976640202","https://openalex.org/W1981700764","https://openalex.org/W1982376793","https://openalex.org/W1988054698","https://openalex.org/W1995414858","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997321194","https://openalex.org/W2007445242","https://openalex.org/W2007576393","https://openalex.org/W2009114968","https://openalex.org/W2011600004","https://openalex.org/W2017526371","https://openalex.org/W2026925244","https://openalex.org/W2037758809","https://openalex.org/W2044370125","https://openalex.org/W2048031164","https://openalex.org/W2049476357","https://openalex.org/W2064982073","https://openalex.org/W2066149784","https://openalex.org/W2067597418","https://openalex.org/W2068602646","https://openalex.org/W2082716295","https://openalex.org/W2084592009","https://openalex.org/W2087168709","https://openalex.org/W2087962989","https://openalex.org/W2095152777","https://openalex.org/W2106100381","https://openalex.org/W2107643286","https://openalex.org/W2114114300","https://openalex.org/W2117094273","https://openalex.org/W2121866145","https://openalex.org/W2134956663","https://openalex.org/W2137872053","https://openalex.org/W2143940033","https://openalex.org/W2147487134","https://openalex.org/W2152899263","https://openalex.org/W2154774499","https://openalex.org/W2156630072","https://openalex.org/W2158252855","https://openalex.org/W2158335989","https://openalex.org/W2158744032","https://openalex.org/W2158833498","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2161320792","https://openalex.org/W2162170584","https://openalex.org/W2164727176","https://openalex.org/W2165539672","https://openalex.org/W2171816001","https://openalex.org/W2173054425","https://openalex.org/W2229551887","https://openalex.org/W2256305231","https://openalex.org/W2299227280","https://openalex.org/W2341776168","https://openalex.org/W2362747708","https://openalex.org/W2482033341","https://openalex.org/W2493532602","https://openalex.org/W2496634487","https://openalex.org/W2506832062","https://openalex.org/W2515624622","https://openalex.org/W2520984612","https://openalex.org/W2525634329","https://openalex.org/W2560657936","https://openalex.org/W2560665552","https://openalex.org/W2562373393","https://openalex.org/W2562461258","https://openalex.org/W2564048161","https://openalex.org/W2580910982","https://openalex.org/W2605888716","https://openalex.org/W2617514142","https://openalex.org/W2728659604","https://openalex.org/W2735462327","https://openalex.org/W2741352267","https://openalex.org/W2742846213","https://openalex.org/W2745083818","https://openalex.org/W2759194202","https://openalex.org/W2759448433","https://openalex.org/W2760174678","https://openalex.org/W2776895050","https://openalex.org/W2784687187","https://openalex.org/W2793921910","https://openalex.org/W2796574428","https://openalex.org/W2799485357","https://openalex.org/W2803630351","https://openalex.org/W2804537277","https://openalex.org/W2806436836","https://openalex.org/W2846948593","https://openalex.org/W2888489504","https://openalex.org/W2889520455","https://openalex.org/W2891874640","https://openalex.org/W2892809998","https://openalex.org/W2897506503","https://openalex.org/W2902819787","https://openalex.org/W2907163668","https://openalex.org/W2913275916","https://openalex.org/W2921156164","https://openalex.org/W2955594439","https://openalex.org/W2982432963","https://openalex.org/W2996202687","https://openalex.org/W2998777960","https://openalex.org/W3023452601","https://openalex.org/W3037283831","https://openalex.org/W3128815297","https://openalex.org/W3148446588","https://openalex.org/W4235836444","https://openalex.org/W4244096564","https://openalex.org/W4254551825","https://openalex.org/W4255142739","https://openalex.org/W4256580164","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4288363128","https://openalex.org/W4297837284","https://openalex.org/W4323253219","https://openalex.org/W6605337486","https://openalex.org/W6606650942","https://openalex.org/W6635224564","https://openalex.org/W6674334786","https://openalex.org/W6683603434","https://openalex.org/W6707182328","https://openalex.org/W6732700538","https://openalex.org/W6735948151","https://openalex.org/W6754523454","https://openalex.org/W6760468867","https://openalex.org/W6779880826","https://openalex.org/W7015436246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254568495","https://openalex.org/W142054160","https://openalex.org/W4235167339","https://openalex.org/W2113109691","https://openalex.org/W2242308721","https://openalex.org/W2472769502","https://openalex.org/W1987814216","https://openalex.org/W2040710109","https://openalex.org/W2059271020","https://openalex.org/W2784612557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Product,":[0],"service,":[1],"and":[2,11,34,45,60,71,84,96,109,118,152,159,183,204,220,231,235,239,258],"system":[3],"development":[4,33,48],"can":[5],"be":[6],"approached":[7],"with":[8,18,165,254],"numerous":[9],"processes":[10],"methodologies.":[12],"Many":[13],"of":[14,21,31,41,75,98,123,129,147,233],"these":[15,26],"models":[16],"begin":[17],"the":[19,29,32,38,42,46,50,58,69,72,76,99,105,111,120,124,127,145,216,229,250],"definition":[20,44,70],"requirements":[22,27,77,108],"to":[23,37,52,93,116,134,185],"fulfill.":[24],"Thus,":[25],"outline":[28],"purpose":[30],"design.":[35],"Due":[36],"inherent":[39],"attribute":[40],"requirement":[43,150,221],"product":[47,100],"process,":[49],"aspects":[51],"design":[53],"are":[54],"usually":[55],"defined":[56],"in":[57,126,176,201,244],"beginning,":[59],"subsequently":[61],"implemented":[62],"or":[63,101],"realized.":[64],"This":[65,142],"time":[66],"difference":[67],"between":[68,107],"actual":[73],"realization":[74],"creates":[78],"a":[79,130,137,166,246],"high":[80],"potential":[81],"for":[82,139,162,169,218,249],"uncertainty":[83],"risk,":[85],"which":[86,189],"is":[87,252],"especially":[88],"critical":[89],"when":[90],"it":[91,172],"comes":[92],"emergent":[94],"behaviors":[95],"complexity":[97,178,219],"system.":[102],"Based":[103],"on":[104,193],"connection":[106],"complexity,":[110,149],"presented":[112],"research":[113,125,161,184],"set":[114],"out":[115],"define":[117],"assess":[119],"current":[121],"state":[122],"form":[128],"comprehensive":[131,247],"literature":[132,156],"review,":[133],"serve":[135],"as":[136,211,228],"basis":[138],"further":[140],"research.":[141],"review":[143],"includes":[144],"topics":[146,251],"general":[148],"engineering,":[151,222],"system/product":[153],"complexity.":[154,170],"The":[155],"showed":[157,198],"ongoing":[158],"active":[160],"both":[163],"fields":[164],"longer":[167],"history":[168],"Since":[171],"was":[173],"first":[174],"mentioned":[175],"1948,":[177],"has":[179],"expanded":[180],"its":[181,199],"application":[182,230],"various":[186],"engineering":[187,197],"domains":[188],"were":[190],"identified":[191],"based":[192],"cross":[194],"connections.":[195],"Requirement":[196],"origins":[200],"computer":[202],"science/engineering,":[203],"successive":[205],"expansion":[206,257],"into":[207,256],"other":[208],"domains,":[209],"such":[210,227],"mechanical":[212],"engineering.":[213],"Both":[214],"fields,":[215],"one":[217],"also":[223],"show":[224],"recent":[225],"trends,":[226],"inclusion":[232],"AI":[234],"Machine":[236],"Learning,":[237],"Agile,":[238],"certain":[240],"security/resilience":[241],"foci.":[242],"All":[243],"all,":[245],"overview":[248],"provided":[253],"insights":[255],"evolution.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
