{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133318726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409236","title":"8.5 A 112Gb/s 0.76pJ/b Reference-Less Mixed-Signal PAM-4 CDR in 28nm CMOS","display_name":"8.5 A 112Gb/s 0.76pJ/b Reference-Less Mixed-Signal PAM-4 CDR in 28nm CMOS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133318726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409236"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409236","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010040974","display_name":"Zhaoyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100586687","display_name":"Yiqing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7099-8935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106670276","display_name":"Jianxing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110665174","display_name":"Nanjian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanjian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127896343","display_name":"Zhao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409387","display_name":"Linlin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1058-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"142","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.7235999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.7235999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.19580000638961792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6965000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.5842000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-mode-logic","display_name":"Current-mode logic","score":0.2955000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6965000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.5842000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780295579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195108","display_name":"Current-mode logic","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111106434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072430","display_name":"Die (integrated circuit)","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409236","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7095474600791931,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4642101471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62174153,62222409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766096386","https://openalex.org/W2986495197","https://openalex.org/W3041002943","https://openalex.org/W3128945930","https://openalex.org/W3135438122","https://openalex.org/W3202215493","https://openalex.org/W4205588732","https://openalex.org/W4210269761","https://openalex.org/W4220804507","https://openalex.org/W4313468720","https://openalex.org/W4385221250","https://openalex.org/W4401880384","https://openalex.org/W4402039685","https://openalex.org/W4403446261","https://openalex.org/W4403675653","https://openalex.org/W4406089984","https://openalex.org/W4406895097","https://openalex.org/W4406895383","https://openalex.org/W4408183253"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,24,29,32,37,49],"<tex":[4,53,66,74,81],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5,54,67,75,82],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$112":[6],"~\\text{Gb}":[7,56],"/":[8,57,70],"\\mathrm{s}$</tex>":[9,58],"mixed-signal":[10],"reference-less":[11,44],"PAM-4":[12,45],"CDR":[13,46],"in":[14],"28nm":[15,62],"CMOS.":[16],"By":[17],"proposing":[18],"the":[19,40],"hybrid":[20],"architecture":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23],"symmetrical":[25],"linear":[26],"PD":[27],"and":[28,36,73],"bang-bang":[30],"PFD,":[31],"frequency":[33],"acquisition":[34],"controller":[35],"DCC-PEC-merged":[38],"MPCG,":[39],"design":[41],"issues":[42],"of":[43],"operating":[47],"at":[48,80],"data":[50],"rate":[51],"over":[52],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$100":[55],"are":[59],"mitigated.":[60],"The":[61],"CMOS":[63],"prototype":[64],"achieves":[65],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.76":[68],"\\text{pJ}":[69],"\\mathrm{b}$</tex>":[71],"efficiency":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.11":[76],"\\text{UI}_{\\text{PP}}$</tex>":[77],"jitter":[78],"tolerance":[79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{BER}":[83],"\\leq":[84],"10^{-12}$</tex>.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}