{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133354780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409084","title":"1.2 Quantum Computing \u2013 Toward Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing","display_name":"1.2 Quantum Computing \u2013 Toward Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133354780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409084"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062674895","display_name":"Heike Riel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-7815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heike Riel","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Fellow / Head of Science of Quantum & Information Technologies, IBM Research,Rüschlikon,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Fellow / Head of Science of Quantum & Information Technologies, IBM Research,Rüschlikon,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062674895"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14803781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.43950000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.43950000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.32600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.8101000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.5781999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-technology","display_name":"Quantum technology","score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-quantum-system","display_name":"Open quantum system","score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3880999982357025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.8101000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5781999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62641251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269097","display_name":"Quantum sort","level":5,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19271316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092353","display_name":"One-way quantum computer","level":5,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91717678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135332","display_name":"Quantum teleportation","level":5,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41241483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269015","display_name":"Quantum capacity","level":5,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161166931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269096","display_name":"Quantum simulator","level":4,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158456648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136706","display_name":"Cluster state","level":4,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11255438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269085","display_name":"Quantum process","level":4,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43682372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269080","display_name":"Quantum operation","level":4,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W2023789062","https://openalex.org/W2040792108","https://openalex.org/W2069525126","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2173810284","https://openalex.org/W2562526363","https://openalex.org/W2963908124","https://openalex.org/W3082220326","https://openalex.org/W4307283983","https://openalex.org/W4380590907","https://openalex.org/W4380627387","https://openalex.org/W4391810802","https://openalex.org/W4393234688","https://openalex.org/W4399207709","https://openalex.org/W4403834027","https://openalex.org/W4406693713","https://openalex.org/W4414201642","https://openalex.org/W4416186981","https://openalex.org/W4416865653","https://openalex.org/W4416865672"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0,129],"computing":[1,32,73,104,171],"is":[2],"advancing":[3],"rapidly,":[4],"offering":[5],"the":[6,26,50,68,76,79,100,127,164,177,187],"potential":[7],"to":[8,38,53,105,135,183],"transform":[9],"computational":[10],"paradigms":[11],"and":[12,35,41,49,56,74,96,109,121,142,149,169],"tackle":[13],"problems":[14],"that":[15],"are":[16],"intractable":[17],"for":[18,179],"classical":[19,57],"systems.":[20],"Realizing":[21],"practical":[22],"quantum":[23,36,55,72,86,103,107,112,136,145,160,167],"systems":[24,137,168],"demands":[25],"development":[27],"of":[28,67,71,102,166],"an":[29,65],"entirely":[30],"new":[31],"stack\u2014from":[33],"qubits":[34,141,152],"processors":[37],"components,":[39],"wiring":[40],"control":[42],"electronics,":[43],"transpilers,":[44],"error":[45,119],"handling,":[46],"software,":[47,95],"algorithms,":[48,161],"compute":[51],"architecture":[52],"integrate":[54],"resources":[58],"at":[59],"scale.":[60],"This":[61],"plenary":[62],"will":[63,114,173],"provide":[64],"overview":[66],"current":[69],"state":[70],"outline":[75,131],"milestones":[77],"on":[78],"path":[80,134],"toward":[81,111],"building":[82],"a":[83,122,132,153],"large-scale,":[84],"fault-tolerant":[85],"computer":[87],"by":[88,147],"2029.":[89],"The":[90],"significant":[91],"improvements":[92],"in":[93,118,126,159,186],"hardware,":[94],"system":[97],"integration,":[98],"pushing":[99],"performance":[101],"reach":[106],"utility":[108],"advance":[110],"advantage,":[113],"be":[115,184],"presented.":[116],"Breakthroughs":[117],"correction":[120],"modular":[123],"approach":[124],"indicated":[125],"IBM":[128],"Roadmap":[130],"clear":[133],"using":[138],"200":[139],"logical":[140,151],"100":[143],"million":[144],"operations":[146],"2029":[148],"2,000":[150],"few":[154],"years":[155],"later.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"advances":[158],"combined":[162],"with":[163],"integration":[165],"high-performance":[170],"(HPC),":[172],"unlock":[174],"powerful":[175],"synergies\u2014accelerating":[176],"timeline":[178],"applications":[180],"previously":[181],"considered":[182],"far":[185],"future.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}