{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133309134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409039","title":"25.2 A 28nm 0.48mJ/boot Torus FHE Processor for Arbitrary Computation on Encrypted Data","display_name":"25.2 A 28nm 0.48mJ/boot Torus FHE Processor for Arbitrary Computation on Encrypted Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133309134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409039"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114208123","display_name":"Xinglong Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinglong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127912438","display_name":"Yi Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127921543","display_name":"Yifan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082300419","display_name":"Honglin Kuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglin Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058107390","display_name":"Shenjin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-7383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146919044","display_name":"Zhen Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127934210","display_name":"Jun Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96395808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"426","last_page":"428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.4650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.4650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.3037000000476837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.051500000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6765000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torus","display_name":"Torus","score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.414900004863739}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6765000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9767117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12510","display_name":"Torus","level":2,"score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Efficient algorithm","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409039","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2519052758","display_name":"\u81ea\u611f\u77e5\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f02\u6784\u4f17\u6838\u667a\u80fd\u82af\u7247\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61934002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2400700555","https://openalex.org/W2794888826","https://openalex.org/W2922452168","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W3121011012","https://openalex.org/W3176410512","https://openalex.org/W4281792301","https://openalex.org/W4308089924","https://openalex.org/W4317515946","https://openalex.org/W4323059248","https://openalex.org/W4389476188","https://openalex.org/W4389664577","https://openalex.org/W4393406998","https://openalex.org/W4408183625","https://openalex.org/W4408750076"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a$3.24":[3],"~\\text{mm}^{2}$torus":[4],"fully":[5],"homomorphic":[6],"encryption":[7],"(FHE)":[8],"processor":[9],"fabricated":[10],"in":[11,60],"28":[12],"nm":[13],"CMOS,":[14],"featuring:":[15],"1)":[16],"a":[17,30,43,64],"security-preserving":[18],"low-bit-width":[19],"torus":[20],"quantization":[21],"with":[22,47],"keys":[23],"hints":[24],"reducing":[25,50],"latency":[26],"by$62":[27],"\\%,":[28],"2$)":[29],"divide-and-conquer":[31],"innovative":[32],"polynomial":[33],"multiplication":[34],"engine":[35],"improving":[36],"energy":[37,58],"efficiency":[38,59],"by":[39,53],"29%,":[40],"and":[41],"3)":[42],"conflict-free":[44],"atomic":[45],"swizzling":[46],"full-depth":[48],"pipelining":[49],"memory":[51],"size":[52],"96%.":[54],"It":[55],"delivers$196":[56],"\\times$higher":[57],"bootstrapping":[61],"compared":[62],"to":[63],"CPU.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
