{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133318576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409033","title":"A 90.7%-Efficiency Hybrid Optogenetic Stimulation System with Sub-Threshold Electrical Stimuli Achieving 70.6% Optical Energy Saving","display_name":"A 90.7%-Efficiency Hybrid Optogenetic Stimulation System with Sub-Threshold Electrical Stimuli Achieving 70.6% Optical Energy Saving","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133318576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409033"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113302633","display_name":"Joonghoon Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonghoon Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064206596","display_name":"Hyeonhee Roh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-0177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeonhee Roh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089229718","display_name":"Kyeongho Eom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-2095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeongho Eom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127953961","display_name":"Hyun-Su Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-Su Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127952296","display_name":"Hojae Chon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hojae Chon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032961004","display_name":"Maesoon Im","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maesoon Im","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127873685","display_name":"Hyung-Min Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Seoul,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28539164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"612","last_page":"614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10492","display_name":"Microtubule and mitosis dynamics","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optogenetics","display_name":"Optogenetics","score":0.9491000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-activity","display_name":"Neural activity","score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-engineering","display_name":"Neural engineering","score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.3206000030040741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50738837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781492","display_name":"Optogenetics","level":2,"score":0.9491000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984127161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neural activity","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168451700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1306528","display_name":"Neural engineering","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908765479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431093","display_name":"Neural Prosthesis","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144822601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11271324","display_name":"Energy transformation","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992808817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526","display_name":"Light energy","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908832724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187600","display_name":"Photic Stimulation","level":4,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986949344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Neural system","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49663.2026.11409033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8677456378936768,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8843008275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00398460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083166398","https://openalex.org/W2945449319","https://openalex.org/W3091842043","https://openalex.org/W3103829156","https://openalex.org/W3165641579","https://openalex.org/W4291653035","https://openalex.org/W4317987741","https://openalex.org/W4376132512","https://openalex.org/W4386882995","https://openalex.org/W4389104804","https://openalex.org/W4390993461","https://openalex.org/W4406948768","https://openalex.org/W4410294798"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,50],"hybrid":[4],"optogenetic":[5],"stimulation":[6],"system":[7],"with":[8,49],"sub-threshold":[9],"electrical":[10],"stimuli":[11],"that":[12],"lower":[13],"the":[14],"optical":[15,52],"threshold":[16],"and":[17,32],"reduce":[18],"energy":[19,53],"consumption.":[20],"It":[21],"achieves":[22],"90.75%":[23],"LED":[24],"driving":[25],"efficiency":[26],"through":[27],"efficient":[28],"capacitor":[29],"charge-discharge":[30],"operation":[31],"generates":[33],"decaying-exponential":[34],"irradiance":[35],"to":[36,56],"enhance":[37],"neural":[38,47],"responses.":[39],"Ex":[40],"vivo":[41],"experiments":[42],"in":[43],"mice":[44],"validate":[45],"equivalent":[46],"activation":[48],"70.6%":[51],"saving":[54],"compared":[55],"conventional":[57],"optogenetics.":[58]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}