{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408181529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904777","title":"27.4 A BJT-Based Temperature Sensor with an 80fJ.K<sup>2</sup> Resolution FoM","display_name":"27.4 A BJT-Based Temperature Sensor with an 80fJ.K<sup>2</sup> Resolution FoM","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408181529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070447612","display_name":"Nandor G. Toth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7546-3257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nandor G. Toth","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Delft,Delft,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Delft,Delft,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029302924","display_name":"Kofi A. A. Makinwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2992-5467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kofi A. A. Makinwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Delft,Delft,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Delft,Delft,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81588307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"476","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9347000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9332000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistor","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","score":0.733090341091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.645409345626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.45597872138023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.40019410848617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3627588748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.335399329662323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.3239899277687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22312718629837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16302752494812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.1273375153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10347369313240051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23061349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188946","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","level":4,"score":0.733090341091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.645409345626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.45597872138023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40019410848617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3627588748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.335399329662323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.3239899277687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22312718629837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16302752494812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.1273375153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10347369313240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167005367","https://openalex.org/W2583045991","https://openalex.org/W3083634856","https://openalex.org/W4296705778","https://openalex.org/W4317496689","https://openalex.org/W4386825151","https://openalex.org/W4392739401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1840261322","https://openalex.org/W2508166434","https://openalex.org/W2599154556","https://openalex.org/W1989252915","https://openalex.org/W2542337556","https://openalex.org/W1926336129","https://openalex.org/W2318942137","https://openalex.org/W1680798740","https://openalex.org/W2545064755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BJT-based":[0,59],"temperature":[1,68],"sensors":[2,31],"are":[3,26],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"because":[6],"they":[7,25],"can":[8],"achieve":[9,83],"a":[10,15,74,79],"high":[11,85],"accuracy":[12],"after":[13],"applying":[14],"low-cost":[16],"1-point":[17],"trim.":[18],"In":[19,63],"terms":[20],"of":[21,52],"energy":[22,37,86,116],"efficiency,":[23],"however,":[24],"still":[27],"outperformed":[28],"by":[29,42,58],"resistor-based":[30],"[1].":[32],"Recently,":[33],"significant":[34],"improvements":[35],"in":[36],"efficiency":[38,87],"have":[39],"been":[40],"achieved":[41],"using":[43],"charge-balancing":[44,76],"continuous-time":[45],"\u0394\u03a3-modulators":[46],"(CT\u0394\u03a3M)":[47],"to":[48,82,99,106],"digitize":[49],"the":[50,107,110],"ratio":[51],"PTAT":[53],"and":[54,78,92,121],"CTAT":[55],"currents":[56],"generated":[57],"front-ends":[60],"[2],":[61],"[3].":[62],"this":[64],"work,":[65],"an":[66],"NPN-based":[67],"sensor":[69,112],"is":[70,113],"presented":[71],"that":[72],"uses":[73],"noise-optimized":[75],"scheme":[77],"current-assisted":[80],"amplifier":[81],"both":[84],"(80fJ.K<sup":[88],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[89],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[90],"FoM)":[91],"low":[93],"inaccuracy":[94],"(0.1\u00b0C":[95],"(3\u03c3)":[96],"from":[97],"-70\u00b0C":[98],"125\u00b0C),":[100],"while":[101],"occupying":[102],"only":[103],"0.05mm2.":[104],"Compared":[105],"state-of-the-art":[108],"[2]\u2013[5],":[109],"proposed":[111],"2.5x":[114],"more":[115],"efficient,":[117],"achieves":[118],"similar":[119],"accuracy,":[120],"occupies":[122],"1.5x":[123],"less":[124],"area.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}