{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408182723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904745","title":"A 3.47 NEF 175.2dB FOMs Direct Digitization Front-End Featuring Delta Amplification for Enhanced Dynamic Range and Energy Efficiency in Bio-Signal Acquisition","display_name":"A 3.47 NEF 175.2dB FOMs Direct Digitization Front-End Featuring Delta Amplification for Enhanced Dynamic Range and Energy Efficiency in Bio-Signal Acquisition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408182723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048108961","display_name":"Kyeongwon Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0568-0845"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeongwon Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020478073","display_name":"Can Livanelioglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-5761"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Livanelioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079834478","display_name":"Jiawei Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-5225"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075063817","display_name":"Inhee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inhee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011801401","display_name":"Taekwang Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-0677"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taekwang Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.9204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99741568,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"276","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9158999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.8323661684989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.6102311611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.57682204246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.5650212168693542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4982728958129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4745912253856659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.45702502131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front","display_name":"Front (military)","score":0.4259820282459259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.385072261095047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35603243112564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.343239426612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.29666122794151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2410047948360443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24028417468070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1104993224143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.10007631778717041}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.8323661684989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.6102311611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.57682204246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.5650212168693542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4982728958129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4745912253856659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.45702502131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.4259820282459259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.385072261095047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35603243112564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.343239426612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.29666122794151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2410047948360443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24028417468070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1104993224143982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10007631778717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014359522","https://openalex.org/W2122617960","https://openalex.org/W2211305997","https://openalex.org/W2765737812","https://openalex.org/W2792181492","https://openalex.org/W2795647952","https://openalex.org/W2804630818","https://openalex.org/W2896984162","https://openalex.org/W2898858157","https://openalex.org/W2906948512","https://openalex.org/W2910848322","https://openalex.org/W3134800534","https://openalex.org/W3135483217","https://openalex.org/W4280626599","https://openalex.org/W4385885026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884377208","https://openalex.org/W2525745698","https://openalex.org/W2152030049","https://openalex.org/W2564543331","https://openalex.org/W2410869481","https://openalex.org/W2466475649","https://openalex.org/W1967888462","https://openalex.org/W2371190228","https://openalex.org/W4224781608","https://openalex.org/W4405363203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bio-signal":[0],"monitoring":[1],"systems":[2],"have":[3],"recently":[4],"been":[5,158],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"to":[8,23,42,65,104,122,160,201,203,252,263],"implantable":[9],"and":[10,77,87,110,140,184,223],"wearable":[11],"devices":[12],"for":[13,165,213],"healthcare":[14],"applications.":[15],"However,":[16,188,269],"they":[17,270],"require":[18,141],"extremely":[19],"low-noise":[20,70],"front-end":[21,48,152],"circuits":[22,102],"ensure":[24],"reliable":[25],"recording":[26,206],"while":[27,242],"receiving":[28],"a":[29,51,57,69,74,92,119,142,175,233,248,258,274,280],"very":[30],"small":[31],"signal":[32],"(e.g.,":[33],"the":[34,37,82,123,172,204,217,220,224,227,238,253,265,284],"amplitude":[35],"of":[36,84,129,145,199,208,226],"EEG":[38],"ranging":[39],"from":[40,194],"1":[41],"100\u00b5V":[43],"[1]).":[44],"A":[45],"conventional":[46],"analog":[47],"typically":[49],"achieves":[50],"low":[52,58,75],"input-referred":[53,196],"noise":[54,59,197],"(IRN)":[55],"of$50-60\\text{nV}/\\sqrt{\\text{Hz}}$and":[56],"efficiency":[60,186],"factor":[61],"(NEF)":[62],"around":[63],"3":[64],"5":[66],"by":[67,81,108,137,169],"adopting":[68],"amplifier":[71,85,235,250,260],"(LNA)":[72],"with":[73],"NEF":[76,244,282],"large":[78,105],"gain,":[79],"followed":[80],"rest":[83],"chain":[86],"an":[88,127,150],"ADC":[89],"[2]\u2013[5].":[90],"Nevertheless,":[91],"high":[93],"LNA":[94],"gain":[95,176],"significantly":[96],"reduces":[97],"input":[98,173,240],"range,":[99],"making":[100],"these":[101,189],"vulnerable":[103],"interference":[106],"caused":[107],"motion":[109],"stimulation":[111,117],"artifacts.":[112],"For":[113],"instance,":[114],"transcranial":[115],"direct-current":[116],"applies":[118],"1-to-2mA":[120],"current":[121],"scalp,":[124],"resulting":[125],"in":[126],"artifact":[128],"about$100\\text{mV}_{\\text{PP}}$[6],":[130],"[7].":[131],"Conventional":[132],"structures":[133],"are":[134],"easily":[135],"saturated":[136],"such":[138],"artifacts":[139,168],"few":[143],"seconds":[144],"recovery":[146],"time":[147],"[8].":[148],"Recently,":[149],"ADC-first":[151,190],"utilizing":[153],"delta-sigma":[154],"modulator":[155],"(DSM)":[156],"has":[157,279],"proposed":[159],"increase":[161],"dynamic":[162],"range":[163,222,241],"(DR)":[164],"handling":[166],"substantial":[167],"directly":[170],"digitizing":[171],"without":[174],"[9]\u2013[12].":[177],"VCO-based":[178],"DSMs":[179],"further":[180],"enhanced":[181],"both":[182],"DR":[183],"power":[185],"[13]\u2013[18].":[187],"front-ends":[191],"commonly":[192],"suffer":[193],"higher":[195,246,281],"levels":[198],"80":[200],"120$\\text{nV}/\\sqrt{\\mathrm{H}}_{\\overline{l}}$compared":[202],"ExG":[205],"requirement":[207],"50":[209],"to$60\\text{nV}/\\sqrt{\\text{Hz}}$The":[210],"main":[211],"reason":[212],"this":[214],"problem":[215],"is":[216,245,261],"trade-off":[218],"between":[219],"linear":[221,239],"IRN":[225],"first":[228],"integrator.$\\vert":[229],"\\mathrm{n}$[13],":[230],"[16],":[231],"[18],":[232],"source-degenerated":[234],"helps":[236],"extend":[237],"their":[243],"than":[247,283],"common-source":[249,259],"due":[251],"reduced$\\mathrm{g}_{\\mathrm{m}}.":[254],"\\vert":[255],"\\mathrm{n}$[14],":[256],"[15],":[257],"used":[262],"drive":[264],"VCO":[266],"(Fig.":[267],"15.6.1).":[268],"can":[271],"use":[272],"only":[273],"single":[275],"differential":[276],"pair":[277],"that":[278],"inverter-based":[285],"amplifier.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}