{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408182716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904717","title":"6.4 A 400\u00d7400 3.24\u00b5m 117dB-Dynamic-Range 3-Layer Stacked Digital Pixel Sensor","display_name":"6.4 A 400\u00d7400 3.24\u00b5m 117dB-Dynamic-Range 3-Layer Stacked Digital Pixel Sensor","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408182716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101473294","display_name":"Tsung-Hsun Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-028X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Hsun Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Redmond,WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Redmond,WA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069440476","display_name":"Kwuang-Han Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7628-2460"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwuang-Han Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086838214","display_name":"Andrew Berkovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1638"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Berkovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Redmond,WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Redmond,WA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055442122","display_name":"Raffaele Capoccia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-456X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103407","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/0115xv923","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103407"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele Capoccia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Zurich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Zurich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423614","display_name":"Song Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-3428"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Redmond,WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Redmond,WA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434529","display_name":"Zhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0535-6829"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Burlingame,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Burlingame,CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042219257","display_name":"Chiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-1165"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meta,Redmond,WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meta,Redmond,WA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102021252","display_name":"Yi\u2010Hsuan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-7438"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Hsuan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079667481","display_name":"Sheng-Yeh Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Yeh Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102184406","display_name":"H. Y. Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Ming Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000327215","display_name":"Hirofumi Abe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirofumi Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084606471","display_name":"K. Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8521-0028"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuya Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110059866","display_name":"H. Fukuhara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideyuki Fukuhara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100539413","display_name":"Chih-Hao Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079214947","display_name":"Toshiyuki Isozaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiyuki Isozaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101508109","display_name":"Wei-Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9899-3753"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011354638","display_name":"Wei-Fan Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Fan Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027072931","display_name":"Masayuki Uno","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Uno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020278873","display_name":"Rimon Ikeno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-4601"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rimon Ikeno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014219848","display_name":"M. Nagamatsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masato Nagamatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062645415","display_name":"Guang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4335-2618"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111855569","display_name":"Shou-Gwo Wuu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shou-Gwo Wuu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brillnics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015305152","display_name":"Lyle Bainbridge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801368622","display_name":"Sesame Workshop","ror":"https://ror.org/04h2yy041","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801368622"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyle Bainbridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sesame AI,San Francisco,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sesame AI,San Francisco,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801368622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":23,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101473294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03773899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"120","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11272","display_name":"Nanowire Synthesis and Applications","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6633316278457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.6481778025627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5719066858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49776962399482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.4956885576248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3313553035259247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1848600208759308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.06388294696807861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6633316278457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.6481778025627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5719066858291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49776962399482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.4956885576248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3313553035259247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1848600208759308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06388294696807861}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891387140","https://openalex.org/W4206811866","https://openalex.org/W4212825335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884377208","https://openalex.org/W2525745698","https://openalex.org/W2152030049","https://openalex.org/W2564543331","https://openalex.org/W2410869481","https://openalex.org/W2152888801","https://openalex.org/W2466475649","https://openalex.org/W1967888462","https://openalex.org/W2371190228","https://openalex.org/W4200290804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"digital":[3],"pixel":[4,41,68,96],"sensors":[5],"(DPS)":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"developed":[9,70],"for":[10,163],"augmented":[11],"reality":[12,17],"(AR)":[13],"glasses":[14],"and":[15,35,52,87,106,131,133,140,165],"virtual":[16],"(VR)":[18],"headsets.":[19],"Thanks":[20],"to":[21,71,112],"a":[22,39,58,63,78,100,107,147,154],"2-layer":[23],"stacked":[24,60],"process,":[25],"DPS":[26,61],"provides":[27],"low":[28,148],"power":[29,149],"consumption,":[30],"high":[31],"dynamic":[32],"range":[33],"(HDR)":[34],"global":[36],"shutter":[37],"in":[38],"small":[40,169],"size":[42,75,156],"[1],":[43],"[2].":[44],"To":[45],"meet":[46],"the":[47,73,125],"increasingly":[48],"important":[49],"form":[50],"factor":[51],"performance":[53,122],"requirements":[54],"of":[55,157],"these":[56],"devices,":[57],"3-layer":[59],"with":[62,99,129,146],"<tex":[64,93,158],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[65,94,159],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$3.24\\cup":[66],"\\mathrm{m}$</tex>":[67],"is":[69,97],"reduce":[72],"chip":[74],"while":[76],"incorporating":[77],"frame":[79],"averaging":[80],"unit":[81],"(FAU),":[82],"image":[83],"signal":[84],"processing":[85],"(ISP),":[86],"sparse":[88],"transmission":[89],"(ST)":[90],"functionalities.":[91],"The":[92,117,151],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$3.24\\mu\\mathrm{m}$</tex>":[95],"achieved":[98],"single-ended":[101],"comparator,":[102],"optimized":[103],"control":[104],"logic":[105],"10b":[108],"in-pixel":[109],"SRAM":[110],"memory":[111],"offer":[113],"single-exposure":[114],"HDR":[115],"capture.":[116],"sensor":[118,152],"significantly":[119],"improves":[120],"noise":[121,127],"by":[123],"correcting":[124],"fixed-pattern":[126],"(FPN)":[128],"FAU":[130],"ISP,":[132],"ST":[134],"enables":[135],"various":[136],"artificial":[137],"intelligence":[138],"(AI)":[139],"computer":[141],"vision":[142],"(CV)":[143],"use":[144],"cases":[145],"consumption.":[150],"has":[153],"die":[155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$2.47\\times":[160],"1.85\\text{mm}^{2}$</tex>,":[161],"suitable":[162],"AR":[164],"VR":[166],"devices":[167],"where":[168],"cameras":[170],"are":[171],"demanded.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
