{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408183480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904706","title":"10.3 A D-Band 2D-Scalable 4\u00d74 Active Reflective Relay with Orthogonally Polarized on-Chip TX/RX Antennas and in-Front-End Common-Centroid Fast Azimuth/Elevation Angle-of-Arrival Detection","display_name":"10.3 A D-Band 2D-Scalable 4\u00d74 Active Reflective Relay with Orthogonally Polarized on-Chip TX/RX Antennas and in-Front-End Common-Centroid Fast Azimuth/Elevation Angle-of-Arrival Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408183480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904706","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012014766","display_name":"Basem Abdelaziz Abdelmagid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4414-8341"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Basem Abdelaziz Abdelmagid","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101796228","display_name":"Baoping Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-7199"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boce Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403944","display_name":"Hua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-4290"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012014766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.3699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9924294,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"206","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.8552320003509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.6718611121177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.6622365117073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation-angle","display_name":"Elevation angle","score":0.5214751958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front","display_name":"Front (military)","score":0.4684705138206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.4651179313659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4550091624259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4350626766681671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3933763802051544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3764793872833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3638824224472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2611454129219055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.8552320003509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.6718611121177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.6622365117073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986230362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203218","display_name":"Elevation angle","level":3,"score":0.5214751958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.4684705138206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.4651179313659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4550091624259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4350626766681671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3933763802051544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3764793872833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3638824224472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2611454129219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904706","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981543460","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W3022392576","https://openalex.org/W3117490831","https://openalex.org/W3178081691","https://openalex.org/W3197291480","https://openalex.org/W4220813314","https://openalex.org/W4385192412","https://openalex.org/W4392746403","https://openalex.org/W6733815903","https://openalex.org/W6749822998","https://openalex.org/W6842275936","https://openalex.org/W6850883420","https://openalex.org/W6861252703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024335852","https://openalex.org/W2348542094","https://openalex.org/W2170954560","https://openalex.org/W2072356891","https://openalex.org/W4312732818","https://openalex.org/W2569604092","https://openalex.org/W2773932882","https://openalex.org/W2165157405","https://openalex.org/W2097842859","https://openalex.org/W2804688709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,33,98,119,122,152],"increasing":[2],"demand":[3],"for":[4,17,131,144],"data":[5],"rates,":[6],"mm-Wave":[8],"and":[9,21,50,61,81,96,220],"sub-":[10],"THz":[11],"spectrums":[12],"have":[13],"been":[14,138],"actively":[15],"explored":[16],"6G":[18],"wireless":[19],"communication":[20],"sensing":[22],"[1],":[23],"[2].":[24],"Although":[25],"utilizing":[26],"phased":[27],"arrays":[28,66],"with":[29,191,202,223],"pencil-sharp":[30],"beams":[31],"overcomes":[32],"free-space":[34],"path":[35],"loss":[36],"(FSPL)":[37],"over":[38],"100GHz":[39],"[3]\u2013[5],":[40],"these":[41,91],"high-frequency":[42],"links":[43,73],"are":[44,67,86,129,196,221],"mostly":[45],"limited":[46,217],"to":[47,53,69,141,198],"line-of-sight":[48],"(LOS)":[49],"highly":[51],"susceptible":[52],"blockage.":[54],"To":[55],"enhance":[56],"their":[57],"reliability":[58],"in":[59,94,155,158,171,182,209],"dynamic":[60],"practical":[62],"channels,":[63],"reflective":[64],"relay":[65,174],"envisioned":[68],"enable":[70],"non-line-of-sight":[71],"(NLOS)":[72],"[6]\u2013[8].":[74],"A":[75],"growing":[76],"number":[77],"of":[78,121,151],"CMOS":[79],"passive":[80],"active":[82],"relays":[83,92,143],"at":[84,200],"mm-Wave/sub-THz":[85],"reported":[87],"[9]\u2013[12].":[88],"However,":[89],"all":[90],"operate":[93],"open-loop":[95],"assume":[97],"incident":[99],"beam's":[100],"angle-of-arrival":[101],"(AoA)":[102],"is":[103],"either":[104],"known":[105],"or":[106],"will":[107],"be":[108],"processed":[109],"by":[110],"in-relay":[111],"digital":[112],"backends":[113],"whose":[114],"extra":[115],"complexity/power":[116],"overheads":[117],"negate":[118],"simplicity":[120],"relays.":[123,226],"Though":[124],"several":[125],"AoA":[126,148,179,207,218],"detection":[127,149,180,208],"techniques":[128],"proposed":[130],"RF/mm-Wave":[132],"receivers":[133],"(RXs)":[134],"[13]\u2013[16],":[135],"none":[136],"has":[137],"directly":[139],"applied":[140],"sub-THz":[142,173,201],"on-the-fly":[145],"operation.":[146],"The":[147,176,205],"loop":[150],"mm-wave":[153],"RX":[154,177,206],"[13]":[156],"operates":[157],"IF":[159],"after":[160],"RF":[161],"downconversion,":[162],"thus":[163],"requiring":[164],"lossy":[165],"down-/up-mixers":[166],"per":[167],"channel":[168],"if":[169],"adopted":[170],"a":[172],"array.":[175],"analog":[178,188],"loops":[181],"[14],":[183],"[15]":[184],"require":[185],"continuously":[186],"tunable":[187],"phase":[189],"shifters":[190],"low":[192],"magnitude":[193],"variations,":[194],"which":[195,215],"challenging":[197],"implement":[199],"loop-stability":[203],"concerns.":[204],"[16]":[210],"relies":[211],"on":[212],"coupled":[213],"oscillators,":[214],"exhibit":[216],"range":[219],"incompatible":[222],"low-complexity":[224],"scalable":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}