{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408183611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904700","title":"2.9 STEP: An 8K-60fps Space-Time Resolution-Enhancement Neural-Network Processor for Next-Generation Display and Streaming","display_name":"2.9 STEP: An 8K-60fps Space-Time Resolution-Enhancement Neural-Network Processor for Next-Generation Display and Streaming","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408183611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036767157","display_name":"Kai-Ping Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-7698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Ping Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736872","display_name":"Tong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-5623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109905968","display_name":"Chrong Jung Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Pao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066047778","display_name":"Po\u2010Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2300-0698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388910","display_name":"Zhijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-0044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083012416","display_name":"Win-San Khwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-3564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Win-San Khwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSMC Corporate Research,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSMC Corporate Research,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023225287","display_name":"Meng\u2010Fan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Fan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSMC Corporate Research,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSMC Corporate Research,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042036635","display_name":"Chao-Tsung Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-520X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Tsung Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036767157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06504505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8103126287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47512727975845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4163903295993805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.343915194272995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33618226647377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15711310505867004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8103126287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47512727975845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4163903295993805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.343915194272995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33618226647377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15711310505867004}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904700","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165222134","https://openalex.org/W2966432437","https://openalex.org/W2966926453","https://openalex.org/W3035236663","https://openalex.org/W3132460984","https://openalex.org/W3158187990","https://openalex.org/W3183954477","https://openalex.org/W4308089796","https://openalex.org/W4360605929","https://openalex.org/W4392746496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Next-generation":[0],"display":[1],"technology":[2],"is":[3,66],"driving":[4],"ultra-high-definition":[5],"(UHD)":[6],"TVs":[7],"and":[8,21,51,72,77,137],"screens,":[9],"offering":[10],"users":[11],"an":[12],"immersive":[13],"experience.":[14],"However,":[15,145],"the":[16,22,29,109,123,157],"scarcity":[17],"of":[18,25,31,111,165],"8K-UHD":[19,82],"streams":[20],"high":[23],"cost":[24],"transmission":[26],"bandwidth":[27],"necessitate":[28,108],"use":[30,110],"ISP":[32],"techniques":[33],"on":[34,85],"terminal":[35],"displays":[36],"to":[37,48,68,116,151,173],"enhance":[38],"video":[39,57,104],"quality.":[40,121,144],"Deep-learning":[41],"algorithms,":[42],"in":[43,63,119],"particular,":[44],"can":[45],"be":[46],"employed":[47],"render":[49],"stable":[50],"vivid":[52],"videos.":[53],"The":[54],"one-stage":[55],"space-time":[56],"super-resolution":[58],"(STVSR)":[59],"algorithm":[60],"[1],":[61],"depicted":[62],"Fig.":[64],"2.9.1,":[65],"able":[67],"simultaneously":[69],"generate":[70],"high-resolution":[71],"high-frame-rate":[73],"videos":[74,84],"from":[75],"low-resolution":[76],"low-frame-rate":[78],"input.":[79],"But":[80],"rendering":[81],"60fps":[83],"edge":[86],"devices":[87],"with":[88,126],"limited":[89],"computational":[90],"resources":[91],"still":[92],"poses":[93],"three":[94],"main":[95],"challenges.":[96],"First,":[97],"although":[98],"deeper":[99],"models":[100],"typically":[101],"yield":[102],"better":[103],"quality,":[105],"resource":[106],"constraints":[107],"shallower":[112],"CNN":[113],"models,":[114],"leading":[115],"a":[117,162],"compromise":[118],"image":[120,143],"Second,":[122],"deformable":[124],"convolution":[125],"modulation":[127],"(DCM)":[128],"[2]":[129],"effectively":[130],"aligns":[131],"images":[132],"across":[133],"different":[134],"time":[135],"points,":[136],"multiple":[138],"DCM":[139],"layers":[140],"further":[141],"improve":[142],"they":[146],"require":[147],"additional":[148],"on-chip":[149],"memory":[150],"store":[152],"feature":[153],"maps":[154],"(FM)":[155],"within":[156],"layer-fusion":[158],"(LF)":[159],"workflow.":[160],"Third,":[161],"large":[163],"number":[164],"PE":[166],"arrays":[167],"(e.g.,":[168],"10K":[169],"MACs)":[170],"are":[171],"required":[172],"achieve":[174],"high-throughput":[175],"computation,":[176],"significantly":[177],"increasing":[178],"power":[179],"consumption.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
