{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408182975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904691","title":"34.2 A 380\u03bcW and \u2212242.8dB FoM Digital-PLL-Based GFSK Modulator with Sub-20\u03bcs Settling Frequency Hopping for Bluetooth Low-Energy in 22nm CMOS","display_name":"34.2 A 380\u03bcW and \u2212242.8dB FoM Digital-PLL-Based GFSK Modulator with Sub-20\u03bcs Settling Frequency Hopping for Bluetooth Low-Energy in 22nm CMOS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408182975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010409811","display_name":"Simone M. Dartizio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-5609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Mattia Dartizio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082358586","display_name":"Giacomo Castoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-1575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Castoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stefano Gallucci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Gallucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055194098","display_name":"Michele Rossoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2684-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Rossoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106737455","display_name":"Riccardo Moleri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Moleri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035434717","display_name":"Francesco Tesolin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-5726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Tesolin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098359070","display_name":"Pietro Salvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4707-6669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Salvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001819876","display_name":"Saleh Karman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-8827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh Karman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies,Villach,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies,Villach,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051946676","display_name":"Andrea L. Lacaita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-514X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Leonardo Lacaita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085904857","display_name":"Salvatore Levantino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Levantino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94913725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6927428245544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-hopping-spread-spectrum","display_name":"Frequency-hopping spread spectrum","score":0.6365375518798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.5660850405693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-shift-keying","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","score":0.5016143321990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.47282397747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.430185467004776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4250243604183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-audio-broadcasting","display_name":"Digital audio broadcasting","score":0.4125324785709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3651871383190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27362996339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23526930809020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.13162365555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.07523369789123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.06714212894439697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6927428245544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122962297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136013","display_name":"Frequency-hopping spread spectrum","level":2,"score":0.6365375518798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.5660850405693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5016143321990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.47282397747039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.430185467004776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4250243604183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779106878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257510","display_name":"Digital audio broadcasting","level":2,"score":0.4125324785709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3651871383190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27362996339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23526930809020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.13162365555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.07523369789123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.06714212894439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1291845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1291845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017690880","https://openalex.org/W2028941857","https://openalex.org/W2069502951","https://openalex.org/W2112505083","https://openalex.org/W2407917029","https://openalex.org/W2592077478","https://openalex.org/W2791886326","https://openalex.org/W2900718938","https://openalex.org/W3016117443","https://openalex.org/W3142120744","https://openalex.org/W3145047101","https://openalex.org/W3150579676","https://openalex.org/W3184201630","https://openalex.org/W4220957393","https://openalex.org/W4225936911","https://openalex.org/W4392745958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768292150","https://openalex.org/W2377601335","https://openalex.org/W2128707469","https://openalex.org/W3166584689","https://openalex.org/W2542002834","https://openalex.org/W2393905161","https://openalex.org/W1608975172","https://openalex.org/W854026276","https://openalex.org/W2134418619","https://openalex.org/W2979279141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultra-low":[0],"power":[1,120,141],"(ULP)":[2],"Bluetooth":[3],"Low-Energy":[4],"(BLE)":[5],"transceivers":[6],"(TRXs)":[7],"are":[8],"crucial":[9],"for":[10,30,46,61,139,157,181],"a":[11,88,95,103,124,131,135,145,250],"wide":[12,89],"range":[13],"of":[14,165,186,202,217],"battery-powered":[15],"devices,":[16],"including":[17],"IoT":[18],"nodes,":[19],"sensors,":[20],"and":[21,33,73,118,134,208,226,238],"wearables.":[22],"A":[23,80],"BLE":[24,44,64],"TRX":[25],"should":[26],"support":[27],"GFSK":[28,56,176,207],"modulation":[29],"BLE-packet":[31],"transmission":[32],"adaptive":[34],"frequency":[35,71,106,138,223],"hopping":[36,159],"(AFH),":[37],"i.e.,":[38],"randomly":[39],"jumping":[40],"within":[41],"the":[42,114,153,162,166,175,184,187,200,214,233,239,244],"2.402-to-2.480GHz":[43],"band,":[45],"minimizing":[47],"interference":[48],"from":[49],"nearby":[50],"wireless":[51],"devices.":[52],"Recently,":[53],"digital-PLL":[54],"(DPLL)-based":[55],"modulators":[57],"have":[58],"gained":[59],"traction":[60],"realizing":[62],"ULP":[63,204],"TRXs":[65],"[1]\u2013[6];":[66],"however,":[67],"achieving":[68],"ULP,":[69],"rapid":[70],"hopping,":[72,225],"low":[74,136,140],"FSK":[75],"error":[76],"simultaneously":[77],"remains":[78],"challenging.":[79],"single-point":[81],"modulated":[82,126],"DPLL":[83,127],"(Fig.":[84],"34.2.1":[85],"top-left)":[86],"requires":[87],"BW":[90,133],"[1],":[91],"and,":[92],"in":[93,197],"turn,":[94],"wide-range":[96],"time-to-digital":[97],"converter":[98],"(TDC)":[99],"[2],":[100],"[3]":[101],"and/or":[102],"high":[104],"reference":[105,137],"[1].":[107],"Both":[108],"these":[109],"choices":[110],"tend":[111],"to":[112,150,174,213,220,248],"degrade":[113],"PLL":[115],"noise/power":[116],"compromise":[117],"increase":[119],"dissipation.":[121],"In":[122,195],"contrast,":[123],"two-point":[125],"(top-right)":[128],"can":[129],"afford":[130],"narrow":[132],"dissipation":[142],"but":[143],"needs":[144],"large":[146,215],"look-up":[147],"table":[148],"(LUT)":[149],"accurately":[151],"estimate":[152],"DCO":[154,205],"tuning":[155],"curve":[156],"fast":[158],"[6].":[160],"However,":[161],"slow":[163],"rate":[164,178],"channel-hopping":[167],"(CH)":[168],"sequence":[169],"(e.g.,":[170,179],"below":[171],"3kHz),":[172],"compared":[173],"symbol":[177],"1MHz":[180],"BLE-1),":[182],"makes":[183],"convergence":[185],"LUT":[188],"coefficients":[189],"through":[190],"LMS":[191],"algorithms":[192],"quite":[193],"critical.":[194],"addition,":[196],"all":[198],"cases,":[199],"design":[201],"an":[203],"supporting":[206],"AFH":[209],"is":[210],"difficult":[211],"due":[212],"number":[216],"switched-capacitor$(\\text{SW}_{\\text{cap}})$banks":[218],"required":[219],"independently":[221],"manage":[222],"modulation,":[224],"PVT":[227],"spreads.":[228],"Their":[229],"capacitive":[230],"load":[231],"limits":[232],"maximum":[234],"affordable":[235],"tank-inductor":[236],"value":[237],"corresponding":[240],"tank":[241],"impedance,":[242],"increasing":[243],"minimum":[245],"bias":[246],"current":[247],"reach":[249],"sufficient":[251],"oscillation":[252],"amplitude.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-03-07T00:00:00"}
