{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408182057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904629","title":"A Differential Series-Resonance CMOS VCO with Pole-Convergence Technique Achieving 202.1 dBc/Hz FoM<sub>TA</sub> at 10MHz Offset","display_name":"A Differential Series-Resonance CMOS VCO with Pole-Convergence Technique Achieving 202.1 dBc/Hz FoM<sub>TA</sub> at 10MHz Offset","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408182057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904629","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100515213","display_name":"Jinhua Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhua Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079264296","display_name":"Pei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061692105","display_name":"Haoshen Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-4789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoshen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101441028","display_name":"Xiang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-737X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023982737","display_name":"Wenjie Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-9412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071149976","display_name":"Wenquan Che","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9388-6570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenquan Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657319","display_name":"Quan Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-2127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.186,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99864827,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"332","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.9668282270431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.7968592643737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7086181640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.6516549587249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4737699329853058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.43313175439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39940300583839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3596709370613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25553956627845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21995246410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.14661303162574768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.9668282270431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7968592643737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7086181640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6516549587249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4737699329853058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43313175439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39940300583839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3596709370613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25553956627845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21995246410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14661303162574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904629","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326419276","https://openalex.org/W2625708510","https://openalex.org/W2741635764","https://openalex.org/W2792383978","https://openalex.org/W2891924334","https://openalex.org/W3135411826","https://openalex.org/W3135766164","https://openalex.org/W4226257562","https://openalex.org/W4226266806","https://openalex.org/W4286579627","https://openalex.org/W4295832453","https://openalex.org/W4360606961","https://openalex.org/W4367146868","https://openalex.org/W4376133983","https://openalex.org/W4396918382","https://openalex.org/W4400945576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W2540766993","https://openalex.org/W2619153394","https://openalex.org/W2911266525","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2086169776","https://openalex.org/W2081457870","https://openalex.org/W1970939492","https://openalex.org/W2022376709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voltage-controlled":[0],"oscillators":[1],"with":[2],"ultra-low":[3,118],"phase":[4],"noise":[5],"(PN)":[6],"are":[7],"extensively":[8],"sought":[9],"for":[10,116,198],"various":[11],"applications,":[12],"such":[13,100],"as":[14,80,101],"high-speed":[15,18],"wireless/wireline":[16],"communications,":[17],"ADC/DACs,":[19],"etc.":[20],"According":[21],"to":[22,185,217,245,287],"Leeson's":[23],"formula":[24],"(Fig.":[25],"19.5.1":[26],"top-left),":[27],"achieving":[28,117],"lower":[29],"PN":[30,68,119,158],"requires":[31],"a":[32,34,125,147,160,177,199,211,221,231,278],"larger$V_{TANK}$or":[33],"smaller$L$.":[35],"Since":[36],"the":[37,46,50,59,67,73,81,88,97,102,122,165,173,181,208,239,250],"maximum$V_{TANK}$is":[38],"constrained":[39],"by":[40,45,242],"technology":[41],"and":[42,66,91,131,155,168,180,262],"minimum$L$is":[43],"limited":[44,263],"\u2018small-inductor\u2019":[47],"issue":[48],"[1],":[49],"multicore":[51,135],"technique":[52],"can":[53],"be":[54,186,288],"employed.":[55],"By":[56],"coupling$N$VCO":[57],"cores,":[58,95],"equivalent":[60],"parallel":[61],"resistance$R_{P}$is":[62],"scaled":[63],"down":[64],"by$N$,":[65],"is":[69,75,142,285],"improved":[70],"by$10\\log(N)$,":[71],"while":[72,96],"FoM":[74,209],"kept":[76],"unchanged":[77],"ideally.":[78],"However,":[79,172,249],"number":[82],"of":[83,124,204,252,259],"cores":[84],"increases,":[85],"so":[86],"do":[87],"silicon":[89],"area":[90,241],"potential":[92],"mismatch":[93],"among":[94],"design":[98,132],"complexity,":[99],"power-delivery":[103],"network,":[104],"also":[105],"becomes":[106],"more":[107],"challenging.":[108],"Using":[109],"series-resonance":[110],"VCOs":[111,136],"(SR-VCOs)":[112],"offers":[113],"an":[114],"alternative":[115],"[2]\u2013[6],":[120],"avoiding":[121],"drawbacks":[123],"large":[126,178,255],"chip":[127,240],"area,":[128,179,256],"inter-core":[129],"mismatch,":[130],"complexity":[133],"in":[134,152,189,230,247,275,282],"[7]\u2013[19].":[137],"Yet,":[138],"research":[139],"on":[140],"SR-VCOs":[141],"still":[143,265],"limited.":[144],"In":[145,219],"[2],":[146],"cross-coupled":[148],"SR-VCO":[149,223,270,280],"was":[150,195,215,228],"implemented":[151,229,281],"55nm":[153],"BiCMOS":[154],"achieved":[156],"-138dBc/Hz":[157],"at":[159,210],"1":[161,212],"MHz":[162,213],"offset":[163,214],"from":[164,226],"9.96GHz":[166],"carrier":[167],"-190dBc/Hz":[169],"peak":[170],"FoM.":[171],"tail":[174],"inductor":[175],"occupied":[176],"topology":[182],"has":[183],"yet":[184,286],"proven":[187],"applicable":[188],"pure":[190,232,283],"CMOS":[191,233,284],"technology.":[192,234],"The":[193],"prototype":[194],"further":[196],"modified":[197],"wider":[200],"tuning":[201],"range":[202],"(TR)":[203],"16%":[205],"[3],":[206],"but":[207],"degraded":[216],"-188dBc/Hz.":[218],"[4],":[220],"quadrature-ring":[222],"that":[224,246],"evolved":[225],"[5]":[227],"Its":[235],"folded-transformer":[236],"floorplan":[237],"reduces":[238],"half":[243],"compared":[244],"[5].":[248],"issues":[251],"mode":[253],"ambiguity,":[254],"reliability":[257],"risk":[258],"active":[260],"devices,":[261],"TR":[264],"exist.":[266],"Furthermore,":[267],"although":[268],"several":[269],"topologies":[271],"have":[272],"been":[273],"explored":[274],"prior":[276],"works,":[277],"differential":[279],"reported.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}