{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408183138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904612","title":"19.8 A 0.65V-V<sub>DD</sub> 10.4-to-11.8GHz Fractional-N Sampling PLL Achieving 73.8fs<sub>rms</sub> Jitter, -271.5dB FoM<sub>N</sub>, and -61 dBc in-Band Fractional Spur in 40nm CMOS","display_name":"19.8 A 0.65V-V<sub>DD</sub> 10.4-to-11.8GHz Fractional-N Sampling PLL Achieving 73.8fs<sub>rms</sub> Jitter, -271.5dB FoM<sub>N</sub>, and -61 dBc in-Band Fractional Spur in 40nm CMOS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408183138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029221419","display_name":"Xinyu Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-393X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423044","display_name":"Zhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-9045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059902560","display_name":"Yixi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0573-7784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114232384","display_name":"Junjie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6371-3700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025612238","display_name":"Xiangjian Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-5231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjian Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114831924","display_name":"N. D. Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-620X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414628","display_name":"Jian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110665174","display_name":"Nanjian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanjian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657035","display_name":"Liyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-323X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029221419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8095283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.8252750635147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6548264026641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.491910457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.45024797320365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2737743854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19876176118850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1763150990009308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.10265636444091797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.8252750635147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6548264026641846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.491910457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.45024797320365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2737743854522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19876176118850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1763150990009308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.10265636444091797}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4642101471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62174153,62222409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886418951","https://openalex.org/W2901368319","https://openalex.org/W2921886179","https://openalex.org/W3004354595","https://openalex.org/W3083429320","https://openalex.org/W3094824205","https://openalex.org/W3134536407","https://openalex.org/W3135664810","https://openalex.org/W3138043821","https://openalex.org/W3201131231","https://openalex.org/W3214302083","https://openalex.org/W4312261872","https://openalex.org/W4360605445","https://openalex.org/W4360605781","https://openalex.org/W4387546324","https://openalex.org/W4390956245","https://openalex.org/W4391892585","https://openalex.org/W4392739369","https://openalex.org/W4392746293","https://openalex.org/W4392746396","https://openalex.org/W4400231843","https://openalex.org/W4401880193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W1994021281","https://openalex.org/W2139484866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reducing":[0],"supply":[1],"voltage":[2,246,377],"<tex":[3,16,21,37,42,58,66,78,97,122,127,153,197,251,262,273,285,291,307,359,392,402,407],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[4,17,22,38,43,59,67,73,79,98,123,128,154,198,252,263,274,286,292,308,360,393,403,408],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\mathrm{V}_{\\text{DD}})$</tex>":[5],"to":[6,45,114,230,243,326,346,352,401],"sub-0.7V":[7,46],"is":[8,47,111,208,303,416],"attractive":[9],"for":[10,31,104,418],"low-power":[11],"digital-centric":[12],"system":[13],"on":[14],"chips":[15],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\text{SoCs})$</tex>":[18],"[1].":[19,76,437],"Since":[20],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{sub}-100\\text{fs}_{\\text{rms}}$</tex>":[23],"fractional-N":[24],"(FN)":[25],"phase-locked":[26],"loops":[27],"(PLLs)":[28],"are":[29,102,432],"important":[30],"the":[32,84,116,121,132,147,161,180,201,205,212,224,237,244,250,306,328,331,347,354,363,368,382,391,411,424,429,434,442],"high-speed":[33,439],"wireless":[34],"transceivers":[35],"in":[36,204],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{SoCs}$</tex>,":[39],"reducing":[40,390],"their":[41],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathrm{V}_{\\text{DD}}$</tex>":[44,60,264,394],"highly":[48],"desirable.":[49],"Several":[50],"low-voltage":[51],"(LV)":[52],"PLLs":[53,87,92],"can":[54,172],"operate":[55,397],"at":[56,95,144,151,248,357,398],"0.55-to-0.8V":[57],"[1]\u2013[5],":[61],"but":[62],"only":[63],"one":[64],"O":[65],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$65\\mathrm{V}$</tex>":[68],"integer-N":[69],"design":[70,106],"achieves":[71,370],"sub-100fs<inf":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">rms</inf>":[74],"jitter":[75,444],"Prior":[77],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{low}-\\text{jitter}$</tex>":[80],"FN-PLLs,":[81],"mainly":[82],"including":[83],"digital-to-time-converter":[85],"(DTC)-based":[86],"[6]\u2013[19]":[88],"and":[89,101,138,186,254,294,313,333,340,373,385,389],"digital-to-analog-converter":[90],"(DAC)-based":[91],"[20]\u2013[24],":[93],"operated":[94],"regular":[96],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathrm{V}_{\\text{DD}}(\\geq":[99],"0.9\\mathrm{V})$</tex>":[100],"challenging":[103],"LV":[105,145,195],"[Fig.":[107,281],"19.8.1(top)].":[108],"The":[109,301,438],"DTC":[110,139,165,311],"widely":[112],"used":[113,417],"remove":[115],"quantization":[117],"error":[118],"(DE)":[119],"of":[120,163,182,193,256,330,423],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\Delta":[124],"\\Sigma$</tex>":[125],"modulator":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\Delta\\Sigma":[129],"\\mathrm{M})$</tex>.":[130],"Yet,":[131],"trade-off":[133],"between":[134],"phase":[135,214,219],"noise":[136,187,203,226,255,338,372],"(PN)":[137],"linearity":[140],"[10]":[141],"gets":[142,227],"stronger":[143],"because":[146],"DTC-induced":[148,355],"PN":[149,159,356,384],"degrades":[150],"lower":[152],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathrm{V}_{\\text{DD}}$</tex>.":[155],"Hence,":[156],"achieving":[157,284],"low":[158,358],"incurs":[160],"penalty":[162],"heavy":[164,191],"nonlinearity":[166],"(NL).":[167],"Although":[168],"digital":[169],"pre-distortion":[170],"(DPD)":[171],"compensate":[173,327],"such":[174,216],"NL":[175,192],"[25],":[176],"it":[177],"suffers":[178],"from":[179,399,433],"issue":[181],"significant":[183,341],"hardware":[184,343,387],"overhead":[185],"folding":[188,339],"caused":[189,235],"by":[190,211,236,305],"an":[194],"DTC.":[196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{In}$</tex>":[199],"contrast,":[200],"DAC":[202,316],"DAC-based":[206],"PLL":[207,279],"significantly":[209],"suppressed":[210],"high-gain":[213],"detector":[215,220],"as":[217],"sampling":[218,278],"(SPD)":[221],"[20].":[222],"Regrettably,":[223],"SPD-induced":[225],"worse":[228],"due":[229,242],"its":[231],"long":[232],"turn-on":[233],"time":[234],"wide":[238],"QE":[239,302],"range.":[240],"Furthermore,":[241],"limited":[245],"headroom":[247],"LV,":[249],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{NL}$</tex>":[253],"SPD":[257,334],"further":[258,380],"degrade":[259],"with":[260,336,375],"higher":[261],"sensitivity.":[265,395],"To":[266,396],"overcome":[267],"these":[268],"issues,":[269],"we":[270],"propose":[271],"a":[272,295,321,406],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.65\\mathrm{V}-\\mathrm{V}_{\\text{DD}}10$</tex>.":[275],"4-to-11.8GHz":[276],"FN":[277],"(LV-FN-SPLL)":[280],"19.8.1":[282],"(bottom)]":[283],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$73.8\\text{fs}_{\\text{rms}}\\":[287],"\\text{jitter}$</tex>":[288],"-271.5dB":[289],"division-N":[290],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{FoM}(\\text{FoM}_{\\mathrm{N}})$</tex>,":[293],"-61":[296],"dBc":[297],"in-band":[298,383],"fractional":[299],"spur.":[300],"compensated":[304],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{LV}$</tex>":[309],"coarse":[310],"(LV-C-DTC)":[312],"fine":[314],"resistor-based":[315],"(R-FDAC).":[317],"It":[318],"features:":[319],"1)":[320],"hybrid":[322],"cascaded":[323],"DPD":[324,386],"(HC-DPD)":[325],"INL":[329,374],"LV-C-DTC":[332,351],"concurrently":[335],"little":[337],"reduced":[342,371],"overhead,":[344,388],"compared":[345],"conventional":[348],"DPD;":[349],"2)":[350],"reduce":[353],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathrm{V}_{\\text{DD}};3$</tex>)":[361],"using":[362],"negative":[364],"low-level":[365],"inverter":[366],"(NL-INV),":[367],"LV-SPD":[369],"better":[376],"headroom,":[378],"thus":[379],"lowering":[381],"10":[400],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$12\\text{GHz}$</tex>":[404],"under":[405],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.65\\mathrm{V}\\":[409],"\\mathrm{V}_{\\text{DD}}$</tex>,":[410],"extended":[412],"true-single-phase-clock":[413],"(E-TSPC)":[414],"logic":[415,436],"first":[419],"two":[420],"stage":[421],"cells":[422,431],"multi-modulus":[425],"divider":[426],"(MMD),":[427],"while":[428],"other":[430],"TSPC":[435],"resampler":[440],"reduces":[441],"MMD":[443],"[26].":[445]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
