{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408183640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904518","title":"A 74W/48V Monolithic-GaN Integrated Adjustable Multilevel Supply Modulator for 5G Base-Station Massive-MIMO Arrays","display_name":"A 74W/48V Monolithic-GaN Integrated Adjustable Multilevel Supply Modulator for 5G Base-Station Massive-MIMO Arrays","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408183640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004315399","display_name":"Hieu Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-4440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hieu Minh Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,San Diego,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,San Diego,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057623734","display_name":"P.M. Asbeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-479X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Asbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,San Diego,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,San Diego,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110021744","display_name":"Donald F. Kimball","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald F. Kimball","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,San Diego,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,San Diego,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089800676","display_name":"Navneet K. Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-2075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navneet Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America,Plano,TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America,Plano,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058727360","display_name":"Shenggang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4530-5065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenggang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America,Plano,TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America,Plano,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086203933","display_name":"Masoud Shahshahani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Shahshahani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America,Plano,TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America,Plano,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069009850","display_name":"Won Suk Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-4764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won Suk Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America,Plano,TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America,Plano,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079558422","display_name":"Gary Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America,Plano,TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America,Plano,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067131779","display_name":"Marcus Michel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Michel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Efficient Power Conversion,El Segundo,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Efficient Power Conversion,El Segundo,CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083474698","display_name":"Ratul Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-548X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ratul Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Efficient Power Conversion,El Segundo,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Efficient Power Conversion,El Segundo,CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091615886","display_name":"R. S. Beach","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Beach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Efficient Power Conversion,El Segundo,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Efficient Power Conversion,El Segundo,CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030237378","display_name":"Hanh\u2010Phuc Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-3682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanh-Phuc Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,San Diego,CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,San Diego,CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004315399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82918129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6410162448883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6230044364929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5216242074966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.47473201155662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4733434021472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4214808940887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40570762753486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27029454708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19087007641792297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6410162448883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6230044364929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5216242074966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.47473201155662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4733434021472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4214808940887451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40570762753486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27029454708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19087007641792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2272673147","https://openalex.org/W2587829283","https://openalex.org/W2770504463","https://openalex.org/W2919840167","https://openalex.org/W4220672467","https://openalex.org/W4221029308","https://openalex.org/W4377089574","https://openalex.org/W4378843562","https://openalex.org/W4392739412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062470290","https://openalex.org/W2500106866","https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W2561058892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"power":[1,5,100],"management":[2],"for":[3,14,45,127,140],"RF":[4],"amplifiers":[6],"(PAs)":[7],"is":[8,36],"emerging":[9],"as":[10],"a":[11,79],"critical":[12],"requirement":[13],"the":[15,43,113,124,138],"development":[16],"and":[17,50,56,92,99,118,137],"adoption":[18],"of":[19,64,133],"next-generation":[20],"wireless":[21],"communication":[22],"systems.":[23,41],"To":[24],"achieve":[25,108],"higher":[26,109],"transmitter":[27],"efficiency,":[28],"envelope":[29,85],"tracking":[30,86],"(ET)":[31],"using":[32],"supply":[33],"modulators":[34],"(SM)":[35],"widely":[37],"used":[38],"in":[39,54,71,105,122],"today's":[40],"However,":[42],"demands":[44],"high":[46],"bandwidth,":[47],"complex":[48],"modulation":[49],"multiple":[51,134],"access":[52],"schemes":[53],"5G":[55],"upcoming":[57],"6G":[58],"systems":[59],"have":[60],"exposed":[61],"serious":[62],"limitations":[63],"analog":[65],"ET":[66],"(AET)":[67],"that":[68],"get":[69],"worse":[70],"high-power":[72],"high-voltage":[73],"applications,":[74],"e.g.,":[75],"base-station":[76],"transmitters.":[77],"As":[78],"promising":[80],"alternative":[81],"to":[82,94],"AET,":[83],"digital":[84],"(DET)":[87],"has":[88],"proven":[89],"its":[90],"advantages":[91],"capabilities":[93],"support":[95],"various":[96],"signal":[97],"bandwidths":[98],"profiles":[101],"[1]\u2013[8].":[102],"DET":[103],"architectures":[104],"Figure":[106],"9.3.1":[107],"efficiency":[110],"by":[111],"separating":[112],"voltage":[114,135,142],"generation":[115],"(VG)":[116],"stage":[117],"tracker":[119],"(TR)":[120],"stage,":[121],"which":[123],"former":[125],"aimed":[126],"relatively":[128],"slow":[129],"but":[130],"efficient":[131],"generations":[132],"levels":[136],"latter":[139],"fast":[141],"tracking.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}