{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408183170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904516","title":"A 96fs<sub>rms</sub>-Jitter, -70.6dBc-Fractional-Spur Cascaded PLL Employing Two MMDs with Shared DSM for Quantization Noise Cancellation","display_name":"A 96fs<sub>rms</sub>-Jitter, -70.6dBc-Fractional-Spur Cascaded PLL Employing Two MMDs with Shared DSM for Quantization Noise Cancellation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408183170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904516","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107809054","display_name":"Haoming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-6724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101072944","display_name":"Yuyang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5497-1683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001698880","display_name":"Masaru Osada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-4863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaru Osada","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007028121","display_name":"Tetsuya Iizuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1512-4714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuya Iizuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99896909,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spur","display_name":"Spur","score":0.8365733623504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7339063286781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.7109937071800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6056915521621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5409305095672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5342592000961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4773726165294647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41861218214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3691214323043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3211771845817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22098320722579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15339553356170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07005971670150757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779821383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581537","display_name":"Spur","level":2,"score":0.8365733623504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7339063286781311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.7109937071800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6056915521621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5409305095672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5342592000961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4773726165294647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41861218214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3691214323043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3211771845817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22098320722579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15339553356170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07005971670150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49661.2025.10904516","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091734704","https://openalex.org/W2920923622","https://openalex.org/W3135892526","https://openalex.org/W4220803856","https://openalex.org/W4220957393","https://openalex.org/W4296913374","https://openalex.org/W4360605781","https://openalex.org/W4392745958","https://openalex.org/W4392746293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994021281","https://openalex.org/W2139484866","https://openalex.org/W2474043983","https://openalex.org/W2008250178","https://openalex.org/W2566880546","https://openalex.org/W2326560183","https://openalex.org/W2544336511","https://openalex.org/W2144737022","https://openalex.org/W1978186604","https://openalex.org/W2124954209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Suppressing":[0],"quantization":[1,89],"noise":[2],"(Q-noise)":[3],"from":[4,111],"the":[5,16,38,54,67,88,94,103,107,127,136,140,167,178,196,204,208,213,217,222,243,246,258,263,266,278,288,312,317,336,340,352,368,372,386,391,394],"delta-sigma":[6],"modulator":[7],"(DSM)":[8],"has":[9],"consistently":[10],"been":[11],"a":[12,59,72,80,156,173,231,239,252,291,326],"crucial":[13],"challenge":[14],"throughout":[15],"development":[17],"of":[18,37,139,166,207,221,265,339,393],"high-performance":[19],"fractional-N":[20,233,327],"PLLs":[21,147,189],"required":[22],"in":[23,33,43,53,66,144,161,192,212,245,299,332],"modern":[24],"wireless":[25],"transceivers":[26],"and":[27,114,132,198,282,325,364,382],"FMCW":[28],"radar":[29],"systems.":[30],"As":[31],"shown":[32,191,331],"Fig.":[34,193,333],"19.2.1(top),":[35],"one":[36],"most":[39],"widely":[40],"used":[41,160],"architectures":[42],"recent":[44],"years":[45],"is":[46,155,225,249,268,314,383],"based":[47],"on":[48],"quantization-error":[49],"cancellation":[50,108],"(QEC),":[51],"either":[52],"time":[55,138],"domain":[56,69],"(TD)":[57],"using":[58,187,235],"digital-to-time":[60],"converter":[61,74],"(DTC)":[62],"[1],":[63],"[2]":[64],"or":[65,83],"voltage":[68,84],"(VD)":[70],"with":[71,238,290,303,379],"digital-to-analog":[73],"(DAC)":[75],"[3].":[76],"These":[77],"approaches":[78],"generate":[79],"corresponding":[81],"delay":[82],"to":[85,105,117,124,176,186,203,230,310,315],"compensate":[86],"for":[87],"error":[90],"(Q-error)":[91],"appearing":[92],"at":[93,359],"multi-modulus-divider":[95],"(MMD)":[96],"output.":[97],"Despite":[98],"their":[99,151],"low":[100],"power/area":[101,301],"overhead,":[102],"circuits":[104],"perform":[106],"inevitably":[109,356],"suffer":[110],"gain":[112,206,220],"errors":[113],"nonlinearity":[115],"due":[116],"PVT":[118],"variations,":[119],"necessitating":[120],"intensive":[121],"digital":[122],"calibrations":[123],"accurately":[125],"replicate":[126],"Q-error":[128],"thus":[129],"preventing":[130],"jitter":[131],"fractional-spur":[133],"degradation.":[134],"Moreover,":[135,371],"convergence":[137],"complex":[141],"calibration":[142],"algorithm":[143],"these":[145],"QEC-based":[146],"can":[148,275,346,365],"severely":[149],"prolong":[150],"settling":[152,165],"time,":[153],"which":[154,274,389],"major":[157],"drawback":[158],"when":[159],"applications":[162],"requiring":[163],"fast":[164],"frequency":[168,200,259,320,375],"synthesizer":[169],"[4].":[170],"While":[171],"seeking":[172],"calibration-free":[174],"solution":[175],"suppress":[177,311],"Q-noise,":[179],"some":[180],"prior":[181],"works":[182],"[5],":[183],"[6]":[184],"resort":[185],"multiple":[188],"as":[190,330],"19.2.1(middle),":[194],"separating":[195],"integer":[197],"fractional":[199,353],"generation.":[201],"Due":[202],"unity":[205],"harmonic":[209],"mixer":[210],"(HM)":[211],"main":[214,223],"feedback":[215,237],"loop,":[216],"closed-loop":[218],"DC":[219],"loop":[224],"also":[226],"unity.":[227],"Therefore,":[228],"compared":[229],"conventional":[232],"PLL":[234,248,279,328,341],"divider-based":[236],"division":[240],"ratio":[241],"of$\\mathrm{N}$,":[242],"Q-noise":[244,313,337,395],"HM-based":[247],"suppressed":[250,285],"by":[251,262,271,286,321,385],"factor":[253],"of$\\mathrm{N}$and":[254],"becomes":[255],"neglig$\\text{ible}$.":[256],"However,":[257,351],"subtraction":[260],"performed":[261],"sample-and-hold$(\\mathrm{S}/\\mathrm{H})$operation":[264],"HM":[267,289],"inherently":[269],"accompanied":[270],"mixing":[272],"spurs,":[273],"potentially":[276,366],"corrupt":[277],"output":[280],"spectrum":[281],"must":[283],"be":[284,347],"following":[287],"dedicated":[292],"analog":[293],"low-pass":[294],"filter":[295],"(LPF)":[296],"[7],":[297],"resulting":[298],"non-negligible":[300],"overhead":[302],"poor":[304],"process":[305],"scalability.":[306],"Another":[307],"straightforward":[308],"way":[309],"raise":[316],"DSM":[318,373],"operating":[319,374],"cascading":[322],"an":[323],"integer-N":[324],"[8]":[329],"19.2.1(bottom-left),":[334],"pushing":[335],"out":[338],"bandwidth":[342],"(BW)":[343],"where":[344],"it":[345],"more":[348],"effectively":[349],"filtered.":[350],"spur":[354],"still":[355],"falls":[357],"in-band":[358],"near-integer":[360],"channels,":[361],"remains":[362],"unfiltered,":[363],"dominate":[367],"overall":[369],"jitter.":[370],"directly":[376],"trades":[377],"off":[378],"its":[380],"power":[381],"limited":[384],"silicon":[387],"process,":[388],"restricts":[390],"extent":[392],"suppression.":[396]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}