{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392746236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454574","title":"Power and EM Side-Channel-Attack-Resilient AES-128 Core with Round-Aligned Globally-Synchronous-Locally-Asynchronous Operation Based on Tunable Replica Circuits","display_name":"Power and EM Side-Channel-Attack-Resilient AES-128 Core with Round-Aligned Globally-Synchronous-Locally-Asynchronous Operation Based on Tunable Replica Circuits","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392746236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061167558","display_name":"Sirish Oruganti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirish Oruganti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas,Austin,TX","University of Texas, Austin, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas,Austin,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067606265","display_name":"Meizhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7029-5244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meizhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas,Austin,TX","University of Texas, Austin, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas,Austin,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038541348","display_name":"V Iyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-2710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnuvardhan V. Iyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas,Austin,TX","University of Texas, Austin, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas,Austin,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692711","display_name":"Yipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-8888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas,Austin,TX","University of Texas, Austin, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas,Austin,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026645905","display_name":"Mengtian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-2250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengtian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas,Austin,TX","University of Texas, Austin, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas,Austin,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074467331","display_name":"Raghavan Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-1886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghavan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel,Hillsboro,OR","Intel, Hillsboro, OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel,Hillsboro,OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039276616","display_name":"Sanu Mathew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1344-7533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanu K. Mathew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel,Hillsboro,OR","Intel, Hillsboro, OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel,Hillsboro,OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003048953","display_name":"Jaydeep P. Kulkarni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-6776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaydeep P. Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas,Austin,TX","University of Texas, Austin, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas,Austin,TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79241307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"308","last_page":"310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.8519788980484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7963467836380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replica","display_name":"Replica","score":0.7959692478179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5612828731536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.52140212059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4932696223258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4646185636520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4475371539592743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.41395992040634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4103524088859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24365335702896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20452865958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20278400182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.1989905834197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16473352909088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1572987139225006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07416665554046631}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.8519788980484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7963467836380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775937380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232589","display_name":"Replica","level":2,"score":0.7959692478179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5612828731536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.52140212059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4932696223258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4646185636520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4475371539592743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.41395992040634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4103524088859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24365335702896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20452865958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20278400182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.1989905834197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16473352909088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1572987139225006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07416665554046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921643410","https://openalex.org/W2993973109","https://openalex.org/W3015882210","https://openalex.org/W3015928503","https://openalex.org/W3133757345","https://openalex.org/W4220803194","https://openalex.org/W4240560709","https://openalex.org/W4296924660","https://openalex.org/W4308089765","https://openalex.org/W4312426513","https://openalex.org/W4360606518","https://openalex.org/W4376131456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993883578","https://openalex.org/W5280335","https://openalex.org/W2989964095","https://openalex.org/W2164725015","https://openalex.org/W2782264121","https://openalex.org/W4323926098","https://openalex.org/W4384807855","https://openalex.org/W2022533428","https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W4244949874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryptographic":[0],"hardware":[1],"modules,":[2,208],"by":[3],"exhibiting":[4,83],"unique":[5,84],"power":[6,24,35,85],"and":[7,28,34,44,60,73,86,95,124,145,171,191,202,224,229,243,250],"EM":[8,87],"signatures,":[9],"are":[10,38,76],"vulnerable":[11],"to":[12,42,90],"Side":[13],"Channel":[14],"Attacks":[15],"(SCAs)":[16],"revealing":[17],"secret":[18],"keys.":[19],"Prior":[20,48,63],"countermeasures":[21],"based":[22,113],"on":[23,50,69,114],"port":[25,52],"[1]":[26],"\u2013[4]":[27],"masking":[29],"[5]":[30],"incur":[31],"significant":[32],"area":[33],"overheads":[36],"or":[37],"often":[39],"not":[40],"amenable":[41],"scaling":[43],"ASIC":[45],"flow":[46],"integration.":[47],"work":[49,91,133],"clock":[51,130,152,176],"randomization":[53,226],"[6]":[54],"can":[55],"cause":[56],"SoC":[57],"timing":[58,194,223],"verification":[59],"integration":[61],"challenges.":[62],"asynchronous":[64,181],"AES":[65,236],"implementations":[66],"[7]":[67],"rely":[68],"dual-rail":[70],"completion":[71,188],"detection":[72,189],"round-key-unwrap,":[74],"which":[75],"expensive":[77],"in":[78],"area/power.":[79],"Readily":[80],"adoptable":[81],"designs":[82],"signatures":[88],"need":[89],"with":[92,98,234],"system":[93],"CLKNCC":[94],"maintain":[96],"synchronicity":[97],"expected":[99],"dataflow":[100,225],"at":[101,174],"higher":[102],"levels":[103],"of":[104,206],"abstraction.":[105],"However,":[106],"defense-aware":[107],"attacks":[108],"such":[109],"as":[110,154],"trace-realignment":[111],"align/average":[112],"global":[115],"CLK.":[116],"This":[117,132],"may":[118],"be":[119],"mitigated":[120],"from":[121],"intra-cycle":[122,180],"time-dithering":[123],"randomized":[125,192,200],"operation":[126,173,205,214],"scheduling":[127],"within":[128,150],"the":[129,175],"boundary.":[131],"presents":[134],"a":[135,155],"Round-Aligned":[136],"Globally-Synchronous-Locally-Asynchronous":[137],"(RA-GSLA)":[138],"architecture":[139],"using":[140,239,255],"Tunable":[141],"Replica":[142],"Circuits":[143],"(TRCs)":[144],"stochastic":[146],"parallel/serial":[147],"module":[148,216],"activity":[149],"one":[151,213],"cycle":[153],"countermeasure":[156],"against":[157],"Power/EM":[158],"SCA.":[159],"The":[160],"key":[161],"design":[162],"attributes":[163],"(Fig.":[164,184],"16.7.1(a))":[165],"are:":[166],"(i)":[167],"maintaining":[168],"round":[169],"integrity":[170],"synchronous":[172,241],"boundary":[177],"while":[178],"performing":[179],"SCA-critical":[182],"operations":[183],"16.7.1(b)),":[185],"(ii)":[186],"TRC-based":[187],"scheme":[190],"fire":[193],"incurring":[195],"low":[196],"power/area":[197],"overhead,":[198],"(iii)":[199],"sequencing":[201],"intra-round":[203],"serial/parallel/null":[204],"security-critical":[207],"enabling":[209],"greater/less":[210],"than":[211],"exactly":[212],"per":[215,217],"round,":[218],"improving":[219],"SC":[220],"entropy,":[221],"(iv)":[222],"for":[227],"computations":[228],"register":[230],"updates,":[231],"(v)":[232],"compatibility":[233],"any":[235,256],"version":[237],"(128/192/256)":[238],"external":[240],"key-schedule,":[242],"(vi)":[244],"fully":[245],"synthesizable,":[246],"all-digital,":[247],"single":[248],"supply":[249],"technology":[251],"scaling-friendly":[252],"design,":[253],"without":[254],"analog":[257],"components.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}