{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392745916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454356","title":"19.5 A 13.7-to-41.5GHz 214.1dBc/Hz FoM<sub>T</sub> Quad-Core Quad-Mode VCO Using an Oscillation-Mode-Splitting Technique","display_name":"19.5 A 13.7-to-41.5GHz 214.1dBc/Hz FoM<sub>T</sub> Quad-Core Quad-Mode VCO Using an Oscillation-Mode-Splitting Technique","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392745916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108908049","display_name":"Huanyu Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanyu Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086243413","display_name":"Haikun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haikun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074494245","display_name":"Wei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002404961","display_name":"Ruichang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2257-7105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruichang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356864","display_name":"Zhihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052727227","display_name":"Baoyong Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoyong Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91867426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"356","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.8246102333068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillation","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","score":0.703209638595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.6041899919509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5068879723548889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4283531904220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3074047267436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.20127132534980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2002786099910736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18853822350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16092437505722046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8246102333068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.703209638595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.6041899919509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5068879723548889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4283531904220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3074047267436981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.20127132534980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2002786099910736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18853822350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16092437505722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc49657.2024.10454356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921310211","https://openalex.org/W3015593006","https://openalex.org/W3134446195","https://openalex.org/W3160741372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2070109416","https://openalex.org/W1523213765","https://openalex.org/W2040399070","https://openalex.org/W2388316590","https://openalex.org/W4388486464","https://openalex.org/W2380576078","https://openalex.org/W2261105975","https://openalex.org/W2023334151","https://openalex.org/W2078988358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voltage-controlled-oscillators":[0],"(VCOs)":[1],"with":[2,90,137,150,268],"simultaneous":[3],"low":[4],"phase":[5,203,324],"noise":[6,204],"and":[7,34,53,127,290],"wide":[8,70],"frequency":[9,344],"tuning":[10],"range":[11],"(FTR)":[12],"spanning":[13],"from":[14],"tens":[15],"GHz":[16],"to":[17,42,67,259,308,337],"millimeter-wave":[18],"(mm-wave)":[19],"bands":[20],"are":[21,102,222],"required":[22],"for":[23,63,162],"various":[24],"standardized":[25],"applications,":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"5G":[29],"wireless":[30],"communication,":[31],"software-defined":[32],"radios,":[33],"emerging":[35],"high-speed":[36],"wireline":[37],"data":[38],"links.":[39],"However,":[40,156,207,281],"due":[41],"the":[43,54,69,75,114,123,157,179,202,208,218,231,234,243,249,253,282,314,319,323,338],"limited":[44],"quality":[45],"factor":[46],"of":[47,129,195],"on-chip":[48],"passive":[49],"components,":[50],"increasing":[51],"parasitics,":[52],"tight":[55],"capacitance":[56],"budget,":[57],"it":[58,257],"is":[59,106,141,160,335],"still":[60],"very":[61],"challenging":[62],"a":[64,133,138,273,332],"single":[65],"VCO":[66,136,186,210,267],"meet":[68],"FTR":[71,140,159,194,271],"requirement":[72],"while":[73,217],"maintaining":[74],"phase-noise":[76],"performance,":[77],"especially":[78],"in":[79,189,279],"mm-wave":[80,154],"bands.":[81],"A":[82,264],"recent":[83],"development":[84],"has":[85,211],"proven":[86],"that,":[87],"when":[88],"compared":[89],"enlarging":[91],"switched-capacitor":[92],"arrays":[93],"or":[94],"using":[95,272],"switched":[96],"inductors/transformers,":[97],"multimode":[98],"multicore":[99],"techniques":[100],"[1\u20135]":[101],"more":[103],"efficient.":[104],"This":[105],"because":[107],"no":[108],"RF":[109],"current":[110],"ideally":[111],"flows":[112],"through":[113],"lossy":[115],"mode":[116,284],"switches":[117],"(assuming":[118],"symmetrical":[119],"cores),":[120],"thereby":[121],"relaxing":[122],"trade-off":[124],"between":[125],"on-resistance":[126],"off-capacitance":[128],"switches.":[130],"In":[131,312],"[1],":[132],"four-port":[134],"dual-mode":[135,158],"41.2%":[139],"proposed.":[142],"The":[143,165,197,298,326],"parallel-inductor":[144],"floorplan":[145],"can":[146],"achieve":[147],"small":[148],"inductance":[149,215,251],"high":[151],"Q,":[152],"favoring":[153],"operations.":[155],"insufficient":[161],"many":[163],"applications.":[164],"off-state":[166,299],"negative":[167,292,300],"G":[168,293,301],"<inf":[169,294,302],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[170,295,303],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">m</inf>":[171,296,304],"pairs":[172,305],"contribute":[173,307],"large":[174,235,309],"parasitic":[175,240,310],"capacitance,":[176],"which":[177,191],"reduces":[178],"FTR.":[180],"An":[181],"EM":[182],"mixed-coupling":[183],"quad-mode":[184,209],"quad-core":[185,198],"was":[187,277,285],"reported":[188],"[2],":[190],"achieved":[192,286],"an":[193,269],"73.2%.":[196],"topology":[199,276,317],"theoretically":[200],"improves":[201],"by":[205,224,287],"6dB.":[206],"only":[212],"two":[213,220,246],"effective":[214],"values,":[216],"other":[219,244],"modes":[221,247,262],"generated":[223],"introducing":[225],"additional":[226],"coupling":[227,236],"capacitor":[228],"pairs.":[229,297],"On":[230,242],"one":[232],"hand,":[233,245],"capacitors":[237],"introduce":[238],"non-negligible":[239],"capacitance.":[241,311],"sharing":[248],"same":[250],"limit":[252],"design":[254],"space,":[255],"making":[256],"difficult":[258],"optimize":[260],"both":[261],"simultaneously.":[263],"triple-mode":[265],"dual-core":[266],"80.6%":[270],"compact":[274],"inductor":[275],"proposed":[278],"[3].":[280],"third":[283],"switching":[288],"on":[289],"off":[291],"inevitably":[306],"addition,":[313],"asymmetrical":[315],"compact-inductor":[316],"sacrifices":[318],"Q":[320],"and,":[321],"consequently,":[322],"noise.":[325],"measured":[327],"186.3dBc/Hz":[328],"average":[329],"FoM":[330],"at":[331,342],"10MHz":[333],"offset":[334],"inferior":[336],"state-of-the-art":[339],"narrow-band":[340],"VCOs":[341],"similar":[343],"points.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}