{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221123945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731720","title":"A 108nW 0.8mm<sup>2</sup> Analog Voice Activity Detector (VAD) Featuring a Time-Domain CNN as a Programmable Feature Extractor and a Sparsity-Aware Computational Scheme in 28nm CMOS","display_name":"A 108nW 0.8mm<sup>2</sup> Analog Voice Activity Detector (VAD) Featuring a Time-Domain CNN as a Programmable Feature Extractor and a Sparsity-Aware Computational Scheme in 28nm CMOS","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221123945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607897","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404363","display_name":"Feifei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-3792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau,Macau,China","University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau,Macau,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038010873","display_name":"Ka-Fai Un","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-4755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka-Fai Un","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau,Macau,China","University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau,Macau,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090222712","display_name":"Wei-Han Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Han Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau,Macau,China","University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau,Macau,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau,Macau,China","University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau,Macau,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105462","display_name":"Lus\u00edada University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/00zjprf31","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105462","https://openalex.org/I4401200244"]}],"countries":["MO","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau,Macau,China","University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau,Macau,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105462"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91583001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6377678513526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5418153405189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4803982079029083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-bank","display_name":"Filter bank","score":0.4353964924812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.3942442536354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35474520921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35445380210876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.17366957664489746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6377678513526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5418153405189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4803982079029083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100515483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268235","display_name":"Filter bank","level":3,"score":0.4353964924812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3942442536354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35474520921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35445380210876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.17366957664489746}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607897","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2513345070","https://openalex.org/W2593197369","https://openalex.org/W2921427074","https://openalex.org/W3108446354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021595906","https://openalex.org/W2766087987","https://openalex.org/W1606020025","https://openalex.org/W2095992409","https://openalex.org/W106304674","https://openalex.org/W2357857030","https://openalex.org/W2035826164","https://openalex.org/W2063491684","https://openalex.org/W2085219086","https://openalex.org/W906931094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ultra-low-power":[1],"always-on":[2],"voice":[3],"activity":[4,34],"detector":[5],"(VAD)":[6],"is":[7,31],"the":[8,20,25,43,46,53,75,87,91,100,116,122,137,142,146,152,156,164,168,172,177,182],"key":[9],"enabler":[10],"of":[11,118,121,186],"acoustic":[12],"sensing":[13],"in":[14,82,132,135,184],"wearables.":[15],"The":[16,49,128],"VAD":[17,44,51,166],"listens":[18],"to":[19],"environment":[21],"and":[22,57,62,107,150,180,189],"wakes":[23],"up":[24],"main":[26],"system":[27,47],"only":[28],"when":[29],"there":[30],"a":[32,70,109,160],"right":[33],"detected.":[35],"Since":[36],"most":[37],"human-centric":[38],"applications":[39],"have":[40],"infrequent":[41],"activities,":[42],"dominates":[45],"power.":[48],"traditional":[50],"using":[52],"digital":[54],"feature":[55,77],"extractor":[56,78],"classifier":[58],"[1]":[59],"requires":[60],"full-bandwidth":[61],"high-resolution":[63],"data":[64],"conversion":[65],"before":[66],"digital-signal":[67],"processing,":[68],"drawing":[69],"substantial":[71],"power$(&gt;":[72],"20\\mu\\mathrm{W})$.":[73],"Recently,":[74],"analog":[76,130],"shows":[79],"more":[80],"promises":[81],"power":[83,93,139,178],"reduction.":[84],"In":[85,162],"[2],":[86],"analog-filter":[88,101,169],"bank":[89,102],"brings":[90],"feature-extraction":[92,138],"down":[94],"to$1\\mu":[95],"\\mathrm{W}$(Fig.":[96],"22.5.1,":[97],"upper).":[98],"Yet,":[99],"does":[103],"not":[104],"support":[105],"reprogramming":[106],"has":[108],"large":[110],"area":[111],"(\u223c0.1":[112],"mm2/channel)":[113],"that":[114],"limits":[115,151,181],"number":[117],"input":[119],"channels":[120],"following":[123],"deep":[124],"neural":[125],"network":[126],"(DNN).":[127],"mixer-based":[129],"filter":[131],"[4]":[133],"succeeds":[134],"squeezing":[136],"(142nW),":[140],"but":[141,171],"time-interleaved":[143],"operation":[144],"prolongs":[145],"decision":[147,187],"latency":[148,188],"(512ms),":[149],"extractable":[153],"features":[154],"(only":[155],"diagonal":[157],"information":[158],"on":[159],"spectrogram).":[161],"[5],":[163],"SNR-based":[165],"avoids":[167],"bank,":[170],"involved":[173],"active":[174],"circuitry":[175],"raises":[176],"budget":[179],"performance":[183],"term":[185],"classification":[190],"rate.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
