{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220909387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731675","title":"A 0.8V Intelligent Vision Sensor with Tiny Convolutional Neural Network and Programmable Weights Using Mixed-Mode Processing-in-Sensor Technique for Image Classification","display_name":"A 0.8V Intelligent Vision Sensor with Tiny Convolutional Neural Network and Programmable Weights Using Mixed-Mode Processing-in-Sensor Technique for Image Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220909387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607897","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006152966","display_name":"Tzu-Hsiang Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-075X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Hsiang Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076892114","display_name":"Guan-Cheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5662-4621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Cheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056687683","display_name":"Yiren Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-8695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ren Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030409860","display_name":"Chung\u2010Chuan Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Chuan Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007060812","display_name":"Ren-Shuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren-Shuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023225287","display_name":"Meng\u2010Fan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Fan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044259295","display_name":"Kea\u2010Tiong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-1236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kea-Tiong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052910427","display_name":"Chih-Cheng Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4070-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Cheng Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006152966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99144797,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7801156044006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7546991109848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.524135172367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5097317099571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4459552764892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4246480166912079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4151051640510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3513847589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12816590070724487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7801156044006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7546991109848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.524135172367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5097317099571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4459552764892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4246480166912079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4151051640510559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3513847589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12816590070724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607897","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770950730","https://openalex.org/W3032089072","https://openalex.org/W3096649732","https://openalex.org/W3133578396","https://openalex.org/W3133725905","https://openalex.org/W3184905338","https://openalex.org/W6799063554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2590798552","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W4399188509","https://openalex.org/W4312417841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision":[0],"systems":[1],"with":[2,47,65,106,132,142,198,213,250],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"for":[6,55,80,109,140,155,171,202],"applications":[7],"requiring":[8],"image":[9,36,129,266],"classification":[10,267],"are":[11,90,119],"in":[12,59,92],"growing":[13],"demand.":[14],"However,":[15,99,149,205],"the":[16,26,34,40,43,56,77,85,112,143,150,161,172,206,228],"imager":[17,41],"plus":[18],"dedicated":[19],"AI":[20],"accelerator":[21,170],"solution":[22],"[1]":[23],"suffers":[24],"from":[25],"burdens":[27],"of":[28,115,146,163,185],"power":[29,237],"and":[30,42,121,165,224,256,264],"latency":[31],"caused":[32],"by":[33],"raw":[35],"data":[37],"traffic":[38],"between":[39],"companion":[44,168],"signal":[45],"processor":[46],"a":[48,126,147,167,186,199,214,232,269],"neural":[49,103],"network":[50,201],"accelerator,":[51],"making":[52],"it":[53],"unsuitable":[54],"real-time":[57],"inference":[58],"low-power":[60],"edge":[61],"devices.":[62],"Recently,":[63],"imagers":[64,93],"near-":[66],"or":[67],"in-sensor":[68],"processing":[69],"capability":[70],"have":[71],"been":[72],"developed":[73],"[2]\u2013[6]":[74],"to":[75,94,218,259],"improve":[76],"system":[78],"efficiency":[79],"specific":[81],"applications.":[82],"In":[83,124,190],"[2]\u2013[4],":[84],"near-sensor":[86,133],"Haar-like":[87],"filtering":[88],"operations":[89,137,174,209],"implemented":[91,113],"realize":[95],"face":[96],"detection":[97],"(FD).":[98],"unlike":[100],"using":[101,210,231,268],"convolutional":[102,127,151,194],"networks":[104],"(CNNs)":[105],"programmable":[107,257],"weights":[108,258],"different":[110],"tasks,":[111,157],"features":[114],"such":[116],"prior":[117],"works":[118],"limited":[120,225],"not":[122],"configurable.":[123],"[5],":[125],"CMOS":[128],"sensor":[130,248],"(CIS)":[131],"analog":[134,193,207],"multiply-accumulate":[135],"(MAC)":[136],"was":[138],"reported":[139,197],"assisting":[141],"1st-layer":[144],"computations":[145],"CNN.":[148],"CIS":[152,195],"is":[153,196,236],"inadequate":[154],"some":[156],"due":[158],"limits":[159],"on":[160],"numbers":[162],"layers/kernels,":[164],"needs":[166],"digital":[169],"required":[173],"(Rectified":[175],"Linear":[176],"Unit:":[177],"ReLU,":[178],"Maximum-Pooling:":[179],"MP,":[180],"Fully-Connected":[181],"layer:":[182],"FC,":[183],"etc.)":[184],"complete":[187],"CNN":[188,203,254],"model.":[189],"[6],":[191],"an":[192,245,251],"5-layer":[200],"implementation.":[204],"MAC":[208],"charge":[211],"sharing":[212],"capacitor":[215],"array":[216],"leads":[217],"gain":[219],"loss,":[220],"low":[221],"weight":[222],"resolution,":[223],"accuracy.":[226],"Moreover,":[227],"ReLU+MP":[229],"operation":[230],"static":[233],"winner-take-all":[234],"circuit":[235],"hungry.":[238],"To":[239],"address":[240],"these":[241],"issues,":[242],"we":[243],"present":[244],"intelligent":[246],"vision":[247],"(IVS)":[249],"embedded":[252],"tiny":[253],"model":[255],"achieve":[260],"configurable":[261],"feature":[262],"extraction":[263],"on-chip":[265],"mixed-mode":[270],"processing-in-sensor":[271],"(PIS)":[272],"technique.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}