{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134016130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9366014","title":"12.2 Improving the Range of WiFi Backscatter Via a Passive Retro-Reflective Single-Side-Band-Modulating MIMO Array and Non-Absorbing Termination","display_name":"12.2 Improving the Range of WiFi Backscatter Via a Passive Retro-Reflective Single-Side-Band-Modulating MIMO Array and Non-Absorbing Termination","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134016130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9366014","mag":"3134016130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9366014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9366014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101647625","display_name":"Miao Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-0305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047397054","display_name":"Manideep Dunna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manideep Dunna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057189926","display_name":"Hans C. Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014948998","display_name":"Shih-Kai Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-3459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihkai Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036436398","display_name":"Po-Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-2109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P-H. P. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom, San Diego, CA","University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom, San Diego, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040875765","display_name":"Dinesh Bharadia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-4722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Bharadia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044161396","display_name":"Patrick P. Mercier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick P. Mercier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101647625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78162436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"202","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.7780863046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6220661401748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5404130220413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5221779346466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5125606060028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4665244519710541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3429127037525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3418172001838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30343765020370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.15593671798706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14849182963371277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.7780863046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6220661401748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5404130220413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5221779346466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5125606060028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4665244519710541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3429127037525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3418172001838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30343765020370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.15593671798706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14849182963371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9366014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9366014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050180150","https://openalex.org/W2300484078","https://openalex.org/W2547263323","https://openalex.org/W3015847097","https://openalex.org/W6698074783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162327980","https://openalex.org/W1497974998","https://openalex.org/W1545449588","https://openalex.org/W2197707731","https://openalex.org/W2004179429","https://openalex.org/W2991693090","https://openalex.org/W1976802714","https://openalex.org/W3041945238","https://openalex.org/W2142775357","https://openalex.org/W2476132743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wi-Fi":[0,19,54],"is":[1,85,172],"the":[2,16,46,79,90,101,125,156],"most":[3],"ubiquitous":[4],"wireless":[5],"networking":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,28],"IoT":[9,32,47],"in":[10,139,158,175],"homes,":[11],"offices,":[12],"and":[13,118],"businesses.":[14],"Since":[15],"power":[17,73],"of":[18,22,31,52,71,82],"transceivers":[20],"(10s-to-100s":[21],"mW)":[23],"can":[24],"be":[25],"prohibitively":[26],"high":[27],"emerging":[29],"classes":[30],"devices":[33],"(which":[34],"desire":[35],"<;":[36],"100\u03bcW),":[37],"recent":[38],"work":[39],"has":[40,74,105],"suggested":[41],"piggybacking":[42],"baseband":[43],"signals":[44,55,87,122],"from":[45],"device":[48],"directly":[49],"on":[50],"top":[51],"incident":[53],"generated":[56,88],"by":[57,89],"access":[58],"points":[59],"(APs)":[60],"via":[61],"Wi-Fi-compatible":[62],"backscatter":[63],"modulation":[64],"[1-4],":[65],"where":[66],"as":[67,69],"low":[68],"28\u03bcW":[70],"active":[72,153],"been":[75],"demonstrated":[76],"[4].":[77],"However,":[78],"major":[80],"limitation":[81],"this":[83],"approach":[84],"range:":[86],"transmitting":[91],"AP":[92,127],"experience":[93,132],"1/d":[94],"<sup":[95],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[96,110,148,163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[97],"path":[98,136],"loss":[99,107,142],"to":[100,112,124,129,169],"backscattering":[102],"tag,":[103],"which":[104,171],"insertion":[106],"P":[108,146,161],"<sub":[109,147,162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">L,ins</sub>":[111,149,164],"perform":[113],"single-side":[114],"band":[115],"(SSB)":[116],"modulation,":[117],"then":[119],"re-radiated":[120],"modulated":[121],"back":[123],"receiving":[126],"(or":[128],"another":[130],"AP)":[131],"an":[133,140],"additional":[134],"1/d2":[135],"loss,":[137],"resulting":[138],"overall":[141],"\u221d":[143],"1/d4":[144],"+":[145],".":[150],"With":[151],"no":[152],"RF":[154],"amplification,":[155],"tag":[157],"[4]":[159],"experienced":[160],"=15dB,":[165],"limiting":[166],"AP-to-tag-and-back-to-AP":[167],"distance":[168],"~10m,":[170],"not":[173],"sufficient":[174],"many":[176],"single-AP":[177],"homes.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
