{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135225077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365975","title":"11.2 A 26.5625-to-106.25Gb/s XSR SerDes with 1.55pJ/b Efficiency in 7nm CMOS","display_name":"11.2 A 26.5625-to-106.25Gb/s XSR SerDes with 1.55pJ/b Efficiency in 7nm CMOS","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135225077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365975","mag":"3135225077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012378193","display_name":"Ravi Shivnaraine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Shivnaraine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020625869","display_name":"Marcus van Ierssel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus van Ierssel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029567467","display_name":"K. Farzan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Farzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028241944","display_name":"Dominic DiClemente","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Diclemente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089396898","display_name":"G. Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015838496","display_name":"Nanyan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, San Jose, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074722535","display_name":"Javid Musayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1925-373X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javid Musayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041559366","display_name":"Gairik Dutta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gairik Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062158490","display_name":"Masumi Shibata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masumi Shibata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074546948","display_name":"Arash Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-4274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002838757","display_name":"H. Vahedi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haleh Vahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033623982","display_name":"Manavi Farzad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manavi Farzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039253098","display_name":"Prabhnoor Kainth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhnoor Kainth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112207263","display_name":"Matt Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101625542","display_name":"Nhat Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9602-1823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhat Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, San Jose, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074398966","display_name":"Jennifer Pham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076897642","display_name":"Angus McLaren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246968","display_name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/000hkd473","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angus McLaren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800246968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98767983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"181","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serdes","display_name":"SerDes","score":0.979933500289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.828860342502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5928977131843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5660668015480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5079460740089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.45761531591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3982238173484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3626416027545929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3542919158935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3088589906692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25259411334991455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19707634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510662","display_name":"SerDes","level":2,"score":0.979933500289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.828860342502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5928977131843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5660668015480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5079460740089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.45761531591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3982238173484802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3626416027545929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3542919158935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3088589906692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25259411334991455}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794384407","https://openalex.org/W2920917590","https://openalex.org/W2921562438","https://openalex.org/W2921596758","https://openalex.org/W3015563675","https://openalex.org/W3015749170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145876553","https://openalex.org/W2139221936","https://openalex.org/W2017861587","https://openalex.org/W2019727651","https://openalex.org/W2790811635","https://openalex.org/W1999544091","https://openalex.org/W2344039297","https://openalex.org/W2600032170","https://openalex.org/W1535317709","https://openalex.org/W4319430188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1,43],"connectivity":[2],"of":[3,27,124],"devices":[4],"in":[5,16],"our":[6],"daily":[7],"lives":[8],"has":[9],"driven":[10],"the":[11,25,62,107],"need":[12],"for":[13,31,77],"higher":[14],"bandwidth":[15],"network":[17],"and":[18,51,75,110],"data":[19],"centers.":[20],"Recently,":[21],"we":[22,40],"have":[23],"seen":[24],"development":[26],"112Gb/s":[28],"SerDes,":[29],"particularly":[30],"long-reach":[32],"interfaces":[33],"[1-":[34,55],"3].":[35],"In":[36,57,104],"high-density":[37],"switch":[38,59,108],"ASICs,":[39],"see":[41],"an":[42,100],"demand":[44],"to":[45,89],"improve":[46],"both":[47],"area":[48],"efficiency":[49],"(mm2/lane)":[50],"signaling":[52],"efficiencies":[53],"(pJ/b)":[54],"6].":[56],"a":[58,121],"ASIC,":[60],"keeping":[61],"SerDes":[63],"power":[64,70,74],"low":[65],"translates":[66],"into":[67],"broader":[68],"system":[69,93],"savings":[71],"since":[72],"additional":[73],"cost":[76],"cooling":[78],"can":[79],"be":[80],"limited":[81],"or":[82],"even":[83],"avoided":[84],"entirely.":[85],"One":[86],"path":[87],"forward":[88],"achieve":[90],"these":[91,105],"important":[92],"gains":[94],"is":[95],"co-packaged":[96],"optics":[97],"(CPO)":[98],"with":[99],"extra-short-reach":[101],"(XSR)":[102],"interface.":[103],"applications":[106],"ASIC":[109],"optical":[111],"engine":[112],"are":[113],"no":[114],"more":[115],"than":[116],"50mm":[117],"apart":[118],"which":[119],"represents":[120],"total":[122],"loss":[123],"approximately":[125],"10dB":[126],"at":[127],"106.25Gb/s.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}