{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135348998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365941","title":"12.3 Exploring PUF-Controlled PA Spectral Regrowth for Physical-Layer Identification of IoT Nodes","display_name":"12.3 Exploring PUF-Controlled PA Spectral Regrowth for Physical-Layer Identification of IoT Nodes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135348998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365941","mag":"3135348998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044160645","display_name":"Qiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7322-4449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755000","display_name":"Yan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-4536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076619099","display_name":"Kaiyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7220-9389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014439819","display_name":"Taiyun Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-1262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiyun Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3221,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79669114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"204","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7348149418830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6209942698478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5815166234970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.539216160774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.496307909488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4830680191516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4711320102214813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.46966752409935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.4681542217731476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4676876366138458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.46391621232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44984692335128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.44280707836151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.28237879276275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23131006956100464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7348149418830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6209942698478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5815166234970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.539216160774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.496307909488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4830680191516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4711320102214813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46966752409935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4681542217731476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4676876366138458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.46391621232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44984692335128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.44280707836151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.28237879276275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23131006956100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982366917","https://openalex.org/W2091534167","https://openalex.org/W2095804702","https://openalex.org/W2096333427","https://openalex.org/W2136399700","https://openalex.org/W2154170045","https://openalex.org/W2407917029","https://openalex.org/W2908594358","https://openalex.org/W2921567073","https://openalex.org/W2963774961","https://openalex.org/W3124339913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2095299560","https://openalex.org/W2907667791","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W2999186374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,26,157],"projected":[2],"that":[3,92,171],"75":[4],"billion":[5],"Internet-of-Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"devices":[8,25],"will":[9],"be":[10],"deployed":[11],"for":[12,37,98,159],"applications":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"wearable":[16],"electronics":[17],"and":[18,58,71,120,178,203],"smart":[19],"home":[20],"by":[21],"2025.":[22],"Securing":[23],"IoT":[24,39,53],"one":[27],"of":[28,89],"the":[29,86,90,121,148,200],"most":[30],"significant":[31],"barriers":[32],"we":[33,135],"need":[34],"to":[35,65,95,133,161,195],"overcome":[36,76],"large-scale":[38],"adoption.":[40],"Conventional":[41],"wireless":[42],"security":[43],"has":[44,80,110],"been":[45,81],"implemented":[46],"solely":[47],"using":[48],"upper-layer":[49],"cryptography":[50],"[1].":[51],"Unfortunately,":[52],"nodes":[54],"are":[55,93,174],"often":[56],"energy-constrained":[57],"may":[59],"not":[60],"have":[61],"enough":[62],"computational":[63],"resources":[64],"implement":[66],"advanced":[67],"asymmetric":[68],"cryptographic":[69],"algorithms":[70],"public-key-infrastructures":[72],"(PKI)":[73],"[2]-[3].":[74],"To":[75],"this":[77],"challenge,":[78],"there":[79],"growing":[82],"interest":[83],"in":[84,163,176],"leveraging":[85],"physical":[87],"impairments":[88,151],"radios":[91],"bonded":[94],"specific":[96],"TX":[97],"secure":[99],"identification":[100,169,188],"[4]":[101],"-[6],":[102],"a.k.a.":[103],"RF":[104,184],"fingerprinting.":[105],"If":[106],"Bob":[107],"(the":[108,117],"RX)":[109],"sufficient":[111],"sensitivity,":[112],"it":[113,156],"can":[114],"identify":[115],"Alice":[116],"legitimate":[118],"TX)":[119],"malicious":[122],"impersonator":[123],"during":[124,192],"demodulation":[125],"based":[126,139],"on":[127,140],"their":[128,141],"inherent":[129],"radio":[130,150],"signatures,":[131],"similar":[132],"how":[134],"distinguish":[136],"different":[137],"people":[138],"unique":[142],"voice":[143],"signatures":[144],"(Fig.":[145],"12.3.1).":[146],"As":[147],"device-dependent":[149],"come":[152],"from":[153],"process":[154],"variation,":[155],"challenging":[158],"impersonators":[160],"forge":[162],"practice.":[164],"In":[165],"addition,":[166],"unlike":[167],"conventional":[168],"approach":[170],"device":[172],"IDs":[173],"inserted":[175],"preambles":[177],"checked":[179],"only":[180],"once":[181],"a":[182,196],"while,":[183],"fingerprinting":[185],"enables":[186],"continuous":[187],"at":[189],"any":[190],"moment":[191],"communication,":[193],"leading":[194],"tighter":[197],"bond":[198],"between":[199],"data":[201],"packet":[202],"device.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}