{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135783513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365850","title":"32.2 A 14nm Analog Sampling Fractional-N PLL with a Digital-to-Time Converter Range-Reduction Technique Achieving 80fs Integrated Jitter and 93fs at Near-Integer Channels","display_name":"32.2 A 14nm Analog Sampling Fractional-N PLL with a Digital-to-Time Converter Range-Reduction Technique Achieving 80fs Integrated Jitter and 93fs at Near-Integer Channels","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135783513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365850","mag":"3135783513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023144660","display_name":"Wanghua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-5294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanghua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067938962","display_name":"Chih-Wei Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-0955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Wei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028252345","display_name":"Chengkai Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-2128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengkai Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028741844","display_name":"Pei-Yuan Chiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yuan Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039886489","display_name":"Pak-Kim Lau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pak-Kim Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333507","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-8936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027720323","display_name":"Sang Won Son","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Won Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003902642","display_name":"Thomas Byunghak Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-6491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Byunghak Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023144660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9442537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"444","last_page":"446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.8533884286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7808519601821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.7465913891792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.634672224521637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6334569454193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pll-multibit","display_name":"PLL multibit","score":0.6170669794082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.5367392897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5081367492675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.43763595819473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4331724941730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.4215574264526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4001677930355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.354965478181839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.329314649105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.3237372636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2895588278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26003479957580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2327151894569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19172191619873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1683771014213562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.8533884286880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7808519601821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7465913891792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.634672224521637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6334569454193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77881186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119642","display_name":"PLL multibit","level":4,"score":0.6170669794082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.5367392897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5081367492675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.43763595819473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4331724941730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.4215574264526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4001677930355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.354965478181839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.329314649105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.3237372636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2895588278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26003479957580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2327151894569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19172191619873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1683771014213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989376602","https://openalex.org/W2891924334","https://openalex.org/W2920848205","https://openalex.org/W2921886179","https://openalex.org/W3015520279","https://openalex.org/W3214302083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576949837","https://openalex.org/W2976219355","https://openalex.org/W2040229502","https://openalex.org/W984417604","https://openalex.org/W1580014081","https://openalex.org/W1523707702","https://openalex.org/W2421111280","https://openalex.org/W2104055211","https://openalex.org/W1486070987","https://openalex.org/W1600405202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"local":[1],"oscillator":[2],"(LO)":[3],"for":[4,66,89,94,170],"5G":[5],"new":[6],"radio":[7],"requires":[8],"sub-100fs":[9],"rms":[10],"jitter":[11,40,207,227,234],"to":[12,59,76,83,104,184,192],"support":[13],"64-OAM":[14],"and":[15,32,71,97,110,117,132,155,208,228,233],"$2\\times2$":[16],"MIMO":[17],"under":[18],"non-ideal":[19],"channel":[20],"conditions":[21],"[1].":[22],"Although":[23],"fractional-N":[24,90,141],"phase-locked":[25],"loops":[26],"(PLLs)":[27],"employing":[28],"digital-to-time":[29],"converters":[30],"(DTCs)":[31],"sampling":[33,142],"phase":[34,107,198],"detectors":[35],"(SPDs)":[36],"have":[37],"demonstrated":[38],"integrated":[39],"below":[41],"100fs":[42],"[1,":[43],"2],":[44],"such":[45],"a":[46,61,72,139,145,185,189,219],"DTC":[47,101,122,146],"remains":[48],"the":[49,78,84,105,114,121,125,150,156,161,165,175,194,197],"most":[50],"challenging":[51],"block":[52],"in":[53],"this":[54],"PLL":[55,143,187,191,201],"architecture.":[56],"It":[57],"needs":[58],"achieve":[60],"fine":[62],"resolution":[63],"(e.g.,":[64,92],"0.3ps)":[65],"low":[67],"quantization":[68,79],"noise":[69,108,118],"(ON)":[70],"large":[73],"delay":[74],"range":[75,123],"cancel":[77],"error":[80],"(OE)":[81],"due":[82],"delta-sigma":[85],"modulator":[86],"(DSM)":[87],"used":[88],"synthesis":[91],"400ps":[93],"a5GHz":[95],"VCO":[96],"mash1-1":[98],"DSM).":[99],"The":[100,177],"also":[102,181,217],"contributes":[103],"in-band":[106],"(PN)":[109],"its":[111],"nonlinearity":[112],"increases":[113],"fractional":[115,210],"spur":[116,211],"folding.":[119],"Reducing":[120],"alleviates":[124],"stringent":[126],"design":[127,133,195],"tradeoffs":[128],"among":[129],"PN,":[130],"linearity,":[131],"complexity":[134],"[3].":[135],"This":[136,200],"work":[137],"presents":[138],"6GHz":[140],"with":[144,222],"range-reduction":[147],"technique.":[148],"With":[149],"modified":[151],"multi-modulus":[152],"divider":[153],"(MMD)":[154],"DSM":[157],"that":[158],"controls":[159],"it,":[160],"accumulated":[162],"OE":[163],"at":[164,212],"MMD":[166],"output":[167],"is":[168],"halved":[169],"any":[171],"given":[172],"order":[173],"of":[174,196],"DSM.":[176],"same":[178],"technique":[179],"can":[180],"be":[182],"applied":[183],"charge-pump":[186],"or":[188],"digital":[190],"ease":[193],"detector.":[199],"achieves":[202],"80fs":[203],"<sub":[204,224],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[205,225],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">rms</sub>":[206,226],"-72dBc":[209],"l4.2mW":[213],"power":[214,232],"consumption.":[215],"lt":[216],"supports":[218],"low-power":[220],"mode":[221],"91.5fs":[223],"consumes":[229],"8.2mW,":[230],"offering":[231],"tradeoff.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}