{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134323708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365819","title":"29.4 A Fractional-N Digital MDLL with Background Two-Point DTC Calibration Achieving -60dBc Fractional Spur","display_name":"29.4 A Fractional-N Digital MDLL with Background Two-Point DTC Calibration Achieving -60dBc Fractional Spur","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134323708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365819","mag":"3134323708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001815690","display_name":"Qiaochu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-8086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaochu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025647558","display_name":"Shiyu Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-4159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006892658","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Ru Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9767-6589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117556","display_name":"Inphi (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/027szw220","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Ru Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inphi, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inphi, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091748833","display_name":"Mike Shuo\u2010Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-272X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Shuo-Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96958906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"410","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.758979320526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.742276668548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7098304629325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.674189567565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6708469390869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5448411107063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.5389929413795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-locking","display_name":"Injection locking","score":0.5348492860794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5140234231948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48923730850219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.34744369983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.21050071716308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20637905597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1390499472618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10458177328109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.10229647159576416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.758979320526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.742276668548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7098304629325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.674189567565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6708469390869141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5448411107063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.5389929413795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101476363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798800","display_name":"Injection locking","level":3,"score":0.5348492860794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5140234231948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48923730850219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34744369983673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.21050071716308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20637905597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1390499472618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10458177328109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.10229647159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970092416","https://openalex.org/W2793132439","https://openalex.org/W3015964844","https://openalex.org/W6642526884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200278648","https://openalex.org/W288936073","https://openalex.org/W2330470949","https://openalex.org/W2326841001","https://openalex.org/W2048538569","https://openalex.org/W4247487516","https://openalex.org/W2061351192","https://openalex.org/W3189131640","https://openalex.org/W2002114505","https://openalex.org/W2171493098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ring":[0],"oscillator":[1],"(RO)-based":[2],"frequency":[3,130],"synthesizers":[4],"enable":[5],"cost-efficient":[6],"and":[7,48,86,136,182,193,201,214,243,248],"scaling-friendly":[8],"implementation,":[9],"but":[10,148],"also":[11],"result":[12],"in":[13,26,43,94,197,240],"worse":[14],"phase":[15,76,88,110,118],"noise":[16,218],"compared":[17],"to":[18,33,36,127,152,209],"LC-based":[19],"alternatives.":[20],"There":[21],"has":[22],"been":[23],"increasing":[24],"interest":[25],"injecting":[27],"a":[28,128,171,229],"low-noise":[29],"reference":[30,67,108],"clock":[31,68,109],"signal":[32,63],"the":[34,38,61,66,74,78,98,107,198,227,234],"RO":[35,75],"refresh":[37],"accumulated":[39],"jitter,":[40],"as":[41,97],"seen":[42],"multiplying":[44],"delay-locked":[45],"loops":[46,51],"(MDLLs)":[47],"injection-locked":[49],"phase-locked":[50],"(1L-pLLs).":[52],"The":[53],"main":[54],"challenge":[55],"of":[56,114],"this":[57,87,116],"architecture":[58],"is":[59,69,91,120,238],"that":[60],"injection":[62,79,99,187],"derived":[64],"from":[65,106],"not":[70],"perfectly":[71],"aligned":[72],"with":[73,219,252],"at":[77],"node,":[80],"hence":[81],"spurious":[82],"tones":[83],"are":[84,149],"generated,":[85],"alignment":[89],"issue":[90],"especially":[92],"exacerbated":[93],"fractional-N":[95,230],"0peration":[96],"time":[100],"paint":[101],"must":[102],"gradually":[103],"drift":[104,119],"away":[105],"[1].":[111],"One":[112],"way":[113],"achieving":[115],"required":[117],"by":[121,185],"tuning":[122],"digital-to-time":[123],"converters":[124],"(DTCs)":[125],"according":[126],"fractional":[129,250],"multiplication":[131],"ratio;":[132],"however,":[133],"DTC":[134,146,173,180,235],"offset":[135,183,194],"gain":[137,181,192],"errors":[138,184],"can":[139],"introduce":[140],"spurs.":[141],"Several":[142],"works":[143],"have":[144],"demonstrated":[145],"calibration,":[147],"either":[150],"limited":[151],"foreground":[153],"calibration":[154,174,236],"or":[155],"incur":[156],"an":[157,220],"additional":[158],"time-to-digital":[159],"converter":[160],"(TDC)":[161],"[2],":[162],"[3].":[163],"To":[164,225],"further":[165],"suppress":[166],"injection-locking-induced":[167],"spurs,":[168],"we":[169],"propose":[170],"background":[172],"scheme":[175,237],"that:":[176],"1)":[177],"simultaneously":[178],"estimates":[179],"occasional":[186],"squelching;":[188],"2)":[189],"performs":[190],"two-point":[191],"error":[195,211],"correction":[196],"respective":[199],"analog":[200],"digital":[202,231],"domains;":[203],"3)":[204],"uses":[205],"TDC":[206],"dithering":[207,217],"[4]":[208],"enhance":[210],"estimation":[212],"accuracy;":[213],"4)":[215],"removes":[216],"adaptive":[221],"comb-filter-assisted":[222],"cancellation":[223],"loop.":[224],"prove":[226],"concept,":[228],"MDLL":[232],"using":[233],"implemented":[239],"65nm":[241],"CMOS":[242],"demonstrates":[244],"1.67ps":[245],"RMS":[246],"jitter":[247],"-60dBc":[249],"spur":[251,254],"26dB":[253],"suppression.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
