{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134925336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365745","title":"4.2 A 12nm Autonomous-Driving Processor with 60.4TOPS, 13.8TOPS/W CNN Executed by Task-Separated ASIL D Control","display_name":"4.2 A 12nm Autonomous-Driving Processor with 60.4TOPS, 13.8TOPS/W CNN Executed by Task-Separated ASIL D Control","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134925336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365745","mag":"3134925336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000946271","display_name":"Katsushige Matsubara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-8784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katsushige Matsubara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087265838","display_name":"Hanno Lieske","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lieske Hanno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000366282","display_name":"Motoki Kimura","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Motoki Kimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Dusseldorf, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Dusseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101524794","display_name":"Atsushi Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-636X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008268014","display_name":"Manabu Koike","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabu Koike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054864628","display_name":"Kazuaki Terashima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuaki Terashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008750013","display_name":"Shun Morikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Morikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111938539","display_name":"Yoshihiko Hotta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihiko Hotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112263774","display_name":"Takahiro Irita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Irita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102254079","display_name":"Seiji Mochizuki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seiji Mochizuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030468812","display_name":"Hiroyuki Hamasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6367-1616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Hamasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109215442","display_name":"T. Kamei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Kamei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Kodaira, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000946271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8250817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"56","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6195065379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5837445259094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-efficiency","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","score":0.5335052013397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4904031753540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4742668867111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4620946943759918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4100067913532257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3319801688194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24136346578598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16888010501861572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6195065379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5837445259094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5335052013397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4904031753540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4742668867111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4620946943759918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4100067913532257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3319801688194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24136346578598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16888010501861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2794141774","https://openalex.org/W2907063134","https://openalex.org/W2921967969","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W3015391117","https://openalex.org/W3016082253","https://openalex.org/W6637373629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380487529","https://openalex.org/W2367907680","https://openalex.org/W2089466361","https://openalex.org/W4297880050","https://openalex.org/W2313032867","https://openalex.org/W3116517130","https://openalex.org/W2325366238","https://openalex.org/W4312513666","https://openalex.org/W572715804","https://openalex.org/W2367648559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"driving":[1,35,65,125,212,229],"systems,":[2],"when":[3],"deployed":[4],"to":[5,159],"market,":[6],"will":[7],"require":[8,20],"accurate":[9],"and":[10,14,54,76,83,104,184,215,222,227],"high-speed":[11],"recognition,":[12],"judgment":[13],"operation.":[15],"Convolutional":[16],"neural":[17],"networks":[18],"(CNNs)":[19],"large":[21],"amounts":[22],"of":[23,107,167,170,220],"computation":[24],"for":[25,32,63,90,112,122,147,149,210,225,233],"pattern":[26],"recognition.":[27],"The":[28],"CNN":[29,47,194],"performance":[30,53,195,219],"required":[31,146],"level-3":[33],"autonomous":[34,64,124,150,211,228],"systems":[36],"is":[37,69,102,120,144,156],"120TOPS":[38,117],"or":[39],"higher.":[40],"As":[41],"shown":[42],"in":[43,141,174,199],"Fig.":[44],"4.2.1,":[45],"recent":[46],"implementations":[48],"are":[49],"oriented":[50],"toward":[51],"high":[52],"low":[55],"power":[56,67,97,182,186],"[1]":[57],"-[4].":[58],"In":[59,188],"previously":[60],"reported":[61],"SoCs":[62,148],"[5],":[66],"consumption":[68,98,183],"more":[70],"than":[71,100],"70W,":[72],"requiring":[73],"a":[74,157],"heavy":[75],"expensive":[77],"water-cooling":[78],"system.":[79,126,213],"To":[80],"save":[81],"weight":[82],"cost":[84],"by":[85,163],"using":[86],"an":[87,91,123,200],"air-cooling":[88],"system":[89],"in-vehicle":[92],"electronics":[93],"control":[94],"unit":[95],"(ECU),":[96],"less":[99],"25W":[101],"indispensable":[103],"around":[105],"half":[106],"that":[108],"can":[109],"be":[110],"assigned":[111],"the":[113,128,132,136,165,171],"SoC.":[114],"Consequently,":[115],"achieving":[116,131,218],"with":[118,196],"10TOPS/W":[119],"necessary":[121],"At":[127],"same":[129,172],"time,":[130],"ASIL":[133,161,205],"D":[134,162,206],"standard,":[135],"highest":[137],"safety":[138,208],"level":[139],"defined":[140],"ISO":[142],"26262,":[143],"also":[145],"driving.":[151],"Dual-core":[152],"lock":[153],"step":[154],"(DCLS)":[155],"technique":[158],"satisfy":[160],"comparing":[164],"results":[166],"parallel":[168],"execution":[169],"process":[173],"duplicated":[175],"hardware.":[176],"However,":[177],"simple":[178],"full-time":[179],"DCLS":[180],"doubles":[181],"degrades":[185],"efficiency.":[187],"this":[189],"paper,":[190],"we":[191],"achieve":[192],"60.4TOPS":[193],"13.8TOPS/W":[197],"efficiency":[198],"application":[201],"processor":[202],"having":[203],"high-reliability":[204],"targeted":[207],"mechanisms":[209],"One":[214],"two-device":[216],"configurations":[217],"60":[221],"120TOPS,":[223],"respectively,":[224],"ADAS":[226],"offer":[230],"practical":[231],"solutions":[232],"products.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}