{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135766164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365737","title":"20.2 A 3.09-to-4.04GHz Distributed-Boosting and Harmonic-Impedance-Expanding Multi-Core Oscillator with-138.9dBc/Hz at 1MHz Offset and 195.1dBc/Hz FoM","display_name":"20.2 A 3.09-to-4.04GHz Distributed-Boosting and Harmonic-Impedance-Expanding Multi-Core Oscillator with-138.9dBc/Hz at 1MHz Offset and 195.1dBc/Hz FoM","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135766164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365737","mag":"3135766164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365737","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005967990","display_name":"Yiyang Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-9057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065319285","display_name":"Huizhen Jenny Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7203-614X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huizhen Jenny Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049999335","display_name":"Xiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-061X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067068244","display_name":"Xun Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84118631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"296","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.6989414691925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.6101871728897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillator-phase-noise","display_name":"Oscillator phase noise","score":0.49971652030944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4923194646835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4613092243671417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-oscillator","display_name":"Local oscillator","score":0.4286745488643646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3526468873023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3425610065460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31980806589126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"Noise figure","score":0.23831796646118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.14692899584770203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.6989414691925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.6101871728897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26571440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106415","display_name":"Oscillator phase noise","level":5,"score":0.49971652030944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4923194646835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4613092243671417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4286745488643646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3526468873023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3425610065460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31980806589126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.23831796646118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.14692899584770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365737","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994307413","https://openalex.org/W2588789014","https://openalex.org/W2625708510","https://openalex.org/W2792383978","https://openalex.org/W2792845171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596740232","https://openalex.org/W3217096146","https://openalex.org/W2168434283","https://openalex.org/W2143434922","https://openalex.org/W2105611532","https://openalex.org/W2043715255","https://openalex.org/W1970256654","https://openalex.org/W2003700990","https://openalex.org/W2388189421","https://openalex.org/W1966091145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35,271],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,17,29,59,139,219,266],"high-speed":[4],"communication":[5],"and":[6,95,111,119,142,183,237,247,261,274,314],"radar":[7],"systems":[8],"has":[9],"placed":[10],"stringent":[11],"requirements":[12],"on":[13],"the":[14,56,60,73,88,105,113,120,126,135,143,156,162,185,191,195,210,228,258,263,267,294,302],"spectral":[15],"purity":[16],"RF":[18],"oscillators.":[19,231],"Also,":[20],"maximizing":[21],"battery":[22],"lifetime,":[23],"efficiency,":[24],"or":[25,78],"power":[26,137,145,182],"consumption":[27],"is":[28,37,93,117,123,131,175,224,254],"great":[30],"concern":[31],"for":[32,279],"these":[33,154],"systems.":[34],"oscillator":[36,269,296],"thus":[38],"required":[39],"to":[40,54,103,164,177,200,204,256],"have":[41,159],"a":[42,49,96,148,235,283,289],"low":[43,244,306],"phase":[44,128,186,245,303],"noise":[45,57,129,187,246,304],"as":[46,48,305,307],"well":[47],"high":[50,97,248],"figure-of-merit":[51],"(FoM).":[52],"Recently,":[53],"reduce":[55],"sensitivity":[58],"LC":[61],"oscillator,":[62,240],"various":[63],"harmonic":[64,86,280],"shaping":[65,281],"techniques":[66],"[1]":[67],"-[3]have":[68],"been":[69],"reported.":[70],"By":[71,169],"setting":[72],"differential-mode":[74],"(DM)":[75],"[1],":[76,81],"[2]":[77],"common-mode":[79],"(CM)":[80],"[3]":[82],"resonances":[83,276],"at":[84,298,309],"specific":[85],"frequencies,":[87],"impulse":[89],"sensitive":[90],"function":[91],"(ISF)":[92],"reduced,":[94],"FoM":[98,192,218,249],"could":[99],"be":[100,201],"achieved.":[101],"However,":[102],"meet":[104],"strict":[106],"relationship":[107,265],"between":[108],"fundamental":[109],"frequency":[110,114,121,285],"resonances,":[112],"tuning":[115,316],"plan":[116],"complex,":[118],"range":[122],"limited.":[124],"Besides,":[125],"minimum":[127],"performance":[130],"still":[132],"limited":[133],"by":[134,147,188],"reduced":[136],"supply":[138],"advanced":[140],"process":[141],"maximum":[144],"taken":[146],"single-core":[149,163,230],"resonate":[150],"tank.":[151],"To":[152],"overcome":[153],"limitations,":[155],"low-phase-noise":[157],"oscillators":[158,172,213],"evolved":[160],"from":[161],"multi-core":[165,196,212,239],"types":[166],"[4],":[167,221],"[5].":[168,208],"coupling":[170,197,264],"N":[171,179],"together,":[173],"it":[174],"possible":[176],"burn":[178],"times":[180],"higher":[181],"decrease":[184],"10log(N),":[189],"with":[190],"unchanged.":[193],"Nevertheless,":[194],"method":[198],"needs":[199],"designed":[202],"carefully":[203],"prevent":[205],"concurrent":[206],"oscillations":[207],"Meanwhile,":[209],"conventional":[211,290],"only":[214],"achieve":[215,243],"an":[216],"average":[217],"189dB/Hz":[220],"[5],":[222],"which":[223,241],"significantly":[225],"worse":[226],"than":[227],"state-of-the-art":[229],"This":[232],"paper":[233],"proposes":[234],"distributed-boosting":[236,259],"harmonic-impedance-expanding":[238],"can":[242],"simultaneously.":[250],"A":[251],"distributed-coupling":[252],"transformer":[253],"introduced":[255],"obtain":[257],"effect":[260],"maintain":[262],"four":[268],"cores.":[270],"expanded":[272],"DM":[273],"CM":[275],"are":[277],"allocated":[278],"over":[282],"wide":[284],"range.":[286,317],"Prototyped":[287],"in":[288],"40nm":[291],"CMOS":[292],"technology,":[293],"proposed":[295],"operating":[297],"3.":[299],"09GHz":[300],"achieves":[301],"-138.9dBc/Hz":[308],"1MHz":[310],"offset,":[311],"195.1dBc/Hz":[312],"FoM,":[313],"26.6%":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
