{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015264339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc19947.2020.9062890","title":"29.5 Sub-THz CMOS Molecular Clock with 43ppt Long-Term Stability Using High-Order Rotational Transition Probing and Slot-Array Couplers","display_name":"29.5 Sub-THz CMOS Molecular Clock with 43ppt Long-Term Stability Using High-Order Rotational Transition Probing and Slot-Array Couplers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015264339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc19947.2020.9062890","mag":"3015264339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc19947.2020.9062890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc19947.2020.9062890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020845245","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-3239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101515659","display_name":"Xiang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5524-4876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458099","display_name":"Mina Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-6584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mina Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751337","display_name":"Ruonan Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruonan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55347233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"448","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.777490496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5531885027885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5381563305854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.521854043006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.49445247650146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clock","display_name":"Atomic clock","score":0.4895342290401459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4645881950855255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.439369797706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.41828081011772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2665526270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2494995892047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20550352334976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.17296519875526428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.777490496635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5531885027885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5381563305854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.521854043006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.49445247650146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.4895342290401459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4645881950855255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.439369797706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41828081011772156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2665526270866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2494995892047882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20550352334976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.17296519875526428}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc19947.2020.9062890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc19947.2020.9062890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058790756","https://openalex.org/W2152490106","https://openalex.org/W2290925013","https://openalex.org/W2592392853","https://openalex.org/W2601082425","https://openalex.org/W2770634373","https://openalex.org/W2820028733","https://openalex.org/W6745826613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348807422","https://openalex.org/W2361025757","https://openalex.org/W2050837474","https://openalex.org/W2926730772","https://openalex.org/W1532462972","https://openalex.org/W2386636941","https://openalex.org/W2964872098","https://openalex.org/W2362169398","https://openalex.org/W2139353707","https://openalex.org/W3086796974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"ultra-broadband":[1],"and":[2,29,58,79,128,144,212,258,277],"low-latency":[3],"radio":[4],"access":[5,51],"networks":[6],"pose":[7],"stringent":[8],"specifications":[9],"for":[10,26,32,41,61,83,94,210],"time":[11,222],"synchronizations.":[12],"For":[13],"5G":[14],"base":[15],"stations,":[16],"inter-site":[17],"timing":[18],"error":[19],"should":[20],"be":[21],"<;span":[22],"style=\"font-size:":[23],"11.25px;\"><;":[24],"<;/span>130ns":[25],"carrier":[27],"aggregation":[28],"<;":[30],"10ns":[31],"high-accuracy":[33],"positioning":[34],"[1],":[35],"requiring":[36,87],"a":[37,42,90,180,196,201,248],"10-10-level":[38],"relative":[39],"drift":[40],"1min":[43],"clock":[44,167,192],"holdover.":[45],"Meanwhile,":[46],"massive":[47],"deployments":[48],"of":[49,173,227],"compact":[50],"nodes":[52],"also":[53,268],"make":[54],"small":[55],"size,":[56],"power,":[57],"cost":[59,69,160,214],"indispensable":[60],"clocks.":[62],"Oven-controlled":[63],"crystal/MEMS":[64],"oscillators":[65],"(OCXO/OCMO)":[66],"with":[67,139,148,184,200],"moderate":[68],"are":[70],"currently":[71],"used.":[72],"But,":[73],"their":[74],"resonators":[75],"exhibit":[76],"long-term":[77,219,261],"aging":[78],"high-temperature":[80],"sensitivity":[81,279],"(-31ppm/K":[82],"MEMS":[84],"resonators),":[85],"hence":[86],"up":[88],"to":[89,99,157,169,242],"watt-level":[91],"heater":[92,147],"power":[93,124],"temperature":[95,150,273],"stabilization.":[96],"Referencing":[97],"clocks":[98,116],"invariant":[100],"physical":[101],"constants":[102],"well":[103],"solves":[104],"the":[105,131,218,228,233,260],"drifting":[106],"issue.":[107],"To":[108],"this":[109],"end,":[110],"chip-scale":[111,190],"atomic":[112],"(Cs":[113],"or":[114],"Rb)":[115],"(CSACs)":[117],"[2]-[4]":[118],"have":[119],"achieved":[120],"outstanding":[121],"stability,":[122],"low":[123],"(120mW":[125],"in":[126,272],"[3])":[127],"miniaturization.":[129],"However,":[130],"highly":[132,208],"complicated":[133],"optical-electrical":[134],"components":[135],"(e.g.,":[136],"VCSEL":[137],"laser":[138],"high":[140,159,185],"wavelength":[141],"accuracy),":[142],"integration,":[143],"packaging":[145],"(e.g.":[146],"mK-accuracy":[149],"control,":[151],"magnetic":[152,278],"shield,":[153],"buffer":[154],"gas)":[155],"lead":[156],"very":[158],"(>":[161],"$":[162],"1k)":[163],"[3].":[164],"Recently,":[165],"molecular":[166,191,204],"referenced":[168],"sub-THz":[170],"rotational":[171],"transitions":[172],"carbonyl":[174],"sulfide":[175],"(OCS)":[176],"gas":[177],"emerged":[178],"as":[179,207],"fully":[181],"electronic":[182],"solution":[183],"stability":[186,220,262,274],"[5].":[187],"In":[188,216],"particular,":[189],"(CSMC),":[193],"built":[194],"using":[195],"CMOS":[197],"chip":[198,251],"coupled":[199],"waveguide":[202],"OCS":[203,236],"cell,":[205],"appeared":[206],"attractive":[209],"miniaturization":[211],"significant":[213],"reduction.":[215],"[5],":[217],"(3.8\u00d710-10@averaging":[221],"\u03c4":[223],"=":[224],"10":[225],"3S)":[226],"CSMC":[229,250],"was":[230],"limited":[231],"by":[232,263],"non-ideal":[234],"measured":[235],"transition":[237],"curve,":[238],"which":[239],"is":[240],"susceptible":[241],"environmental":[243],"disturbance.":[244],"This":[245],"paper":[246],"presents":[247],"70mW":[249],"design":[252],"that":[253],"enables":[254],"high-order":[255],"dispersion-curve":[256],"locking":[257],"enhances":[259],"9x.":[264],"Additional":[265],"testing":[266],"results":[267],"reveal":[269],"its":[270],"advantages":[271],"over":[275,280],"OCXO/OCMO":[276],"CSAC,":[281],"respectively.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}