{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921562438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662495","title":"6.1 A 100Gb/s 1.1pJ/b PAM-4 RX with Dual-Mode 1-Tap PAM-4 / 3-Tap NRZ Speculative DFE in 14nm CMOS FinFET","display_name":"6.1 A 100Gb/s 1.1pJ/b PAM-4 RX with Dual-Mode 1-Tap PAM-4 / 3-Tap NRZ Speculative DFE in 14nm CMOS FinFET","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921562438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662495","mag":"2921562438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013635152","display_name":"Alessandro Cevrero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Cevrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052709518","display_name":"\u0130lter \u00d6zkaya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilter Ozkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014994900","display_name":"Pier Andrea Francese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-9058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pier Andrea Francese","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111996411","display_name":"Matthias Br\u00e4ndli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Brandli","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028644477","display_name":"Christian Menolfi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Menolfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088828887","display_name":"Thomas Morf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2712-6653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Morf","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085908094","display_name":"Marcel Kossel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3053-2422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Kossel","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055433194","display_name":"Lukas Kull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-0430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Kull","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008093986","display_name":"Danny Luu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-0354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danny Luu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051779027","display_name":"Martino Dazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-2170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martino Dazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084903090","display_name":"Thomas Toifl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6448-1961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Toifl","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.4823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99842614,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"112","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireline","display_name":"Wireline","score":0.7268967032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6173139214515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5720568299293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.4985806941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4624697268009186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4292443096637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4121733605861664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.34937602281570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34206247329711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33921727538108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3023454546928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2736522853374481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.23132142424583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2040213942527771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776951270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026910","display_name":"Wireline","level":3,"score":0.7268967032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6173139214515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5720568299293518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.4985806941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4624697268009186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4292443096637726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4121733605861664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.34937602281570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34206247329711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33921727538108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3023454546928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2736522853374481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.23132142424583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2040213942527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291503793","https://openalex.org/W2790928636","https://openalex.org/W2794061908","https://openalex.org/W2898735895","https://openalex.org/W2899111978","https://openalex.org/W6749397863","https://openalex.org/W6749633364","https://openalex.org/W6755525888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368190399","https://openalex.org/W2374510365","https://openalex.org/W4200241224","https://openalex.org/W1964703610","https://openalex.org/W2759444425","https://openalex.org/W2085787479","https://openalex.org/W2015115382","https://openalex.org/W4246159570","https://openalex.org/W2381888053","https://openalex.org/W2033281868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,197],"growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,44,156,162],"higher":[4],"data":[5],"rates":[6],"in":[7,15,50,67,75,165,174,212,241],"wireline":[8],"communications":[9],"has":[10],"led":[11],"to":[12,73,115,126,132,176,189],"emerging":[13],"standards":[14],"the":[16,95,110,117,130,171,181,200],"100Gb/s+":[17],"range":[18],"using":[19],"PAM-4":[20,76,119,222],"signaling.":[21],"ADC-based":[22],"receivers":[23],"have":[24],"demonstrated":[25],"robust":[26],"operation":[27],"over":[28],"channels":[29,193],"with":[30,84,91,101,137],"high":[31,191],"losses":[32],"(>20dB)":[33],"[1],":[34],"but":[35],"their":[36],"power":[37,108],"consumption":[38],"(>500mW/lane":[39],"excluding":[40],"DSP)":[41],"is":[42,122],"prohibitive":[43],"applications":[45],"requiring":[46],"large":[47],"port":[48],"counts":[49],"short-reach":[51],"chip-to-chip":[52],"and":[53,70,139,215,230],"chip-to-module":[54],"links":[55],"(such":[56],"as":[57],"OIF-CEI-112G-VSR/XSR/USR).":[58],"This":[59],"work":[60],"demonstrates":[61],"a":[62,81,98,102,133,142,166,184,205,213,220,227,232,242],"dual":[63],"PAM-4/NRZ":[64],"RX":[65,96,182,198],"implemented":[66],"14nm":[68],"FinFET":[69],"measured":[71],"up":[72],"100Gb/s":[74],"mode":[77],"achieving":[78],"pre-FEC":[79],"BER-12across":[80],"19.2dB-loss":[82],"channel":[83,94,131],"low":[85,89,243],"power.":[86],"To":[87,106],"achieve":[88],"BER":[90],">16dB":[92],"loss":[93,192],"uses":[97],"CTLE":[99,138,209],"combined":[100],"1-tap":[103,118,221],"speculative":[104,149,186,223],"DFE.":[105],"minimize":[107],"consumption,":[109],"number":[111],"of":[112,147],"slicing":[113],"levels":[114],"resolve":[116],"DFE":[120,157,188,224],"speculation":[121,158],"reduced":[123],"from":[124],"12":[125,148],"8":[127],"by":[128],"shaping":[129],"1+0.5D":[134,143,228],"response":[135],"(h0+0.5*h0)":[136],"TXFFE.":[140],"With":[141],"channel,":[144],"4":[145],"out":[146],"decisions":[150],"are":[151],"overlapped.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"comparators":[154],"used":[155],"can":[159],"be":[160],"shared":[161],"phase":[163],"detection":[164],"baud-rate":[167],"CDR":[168],"scheme,":[169],"extending":[170],"concept":[172],"proposed":[173],"[2]":[175],"PAM-4.":[177],"In":[178],"NRZ":[179],"mode,":[180],"features":[183],"fully":[185],"3-tap":[187],"equalize":[190],"(>35dB)":[194],"at":[195],"56Gb/s.":[196],"incorporates":[199],"following":[201],"key":[202],"advances:":[203],"(1)":[204],"trans-admittance":[206],"transimpedance":[207],"(TAS-TIS)":[208],"circuit":[210],"resulting":[211,240],"low-power":[214],"compact":[216],"analog-front-end":[217],"(AFE),":[218],"(2)":[219],"based":[225],"on":[226],"response,":[229],"(3)":[231],"CMOS":[233],"quadrature-DLL":[234],"(QDLL)":[235],"generating":[236],"quadrature":[237],"clock":[238,245],"phases":[239],"jitter/power":[244],"path.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}