{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921356986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662404","title":"17.8 A 2.6\u03bcW Monolithic CMOS Photoplethysmographic Sensor Operating with 2\u03bcW LED Power","display_name":"17.8 A 2.6\u03bcW Monolithic CMOS Photoplethysmographic Sensor Operating with 2\u03bcW LED Power","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921356986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662404","mag":"2921356986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/156967","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002585224","display_name":"Antonino Caizzone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-8242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Caizzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011071154","display_name":"Assim Boukhayma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assim Boukhayma","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069058393","display_name":"Christian Enz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-5278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Enz","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78080282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8730968236923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.705318033695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.647788405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-beat","display_name":"Heart beat","score":0.5984904766082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.5239080190658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.48012566566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4738272428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4607047140598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.41989395022392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.40376636385917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.36494532227516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3029543161392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26222625374794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2162802517414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15637105703353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1112910807132721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.07673832774162292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8730968236923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.705318033695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.647788405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982892191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253408","display_name":"Heart beat","level":2,"score":0.5984904766082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5239080190658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.48012566566467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4738272428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4607047140598297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41989395022392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40376636385917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36494532227516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3029543161392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26222625374794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2162802517414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15637105703353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1112910807132721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07673832774162292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2019.8662404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2019.8662404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:266415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/156967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:266415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/156967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963522855","https://openalex.org/W2090710454","https://openalex.org/W2289170447","https://openalex.org/W2466228052","https://openalex.org/W2793650292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W2122132874","https://openalex.org/W1968279762","https://openalex.org/W4200107443","https://openalex.org/W4239033438","https://openalex.org/W2170552210","https://openalex.org/W3004551457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photoplethysmography":[0],"(PPG)":[1],"is":[2,32],"a":[3,97],"key":[4],"technology":[5],"allowing":[6],"non-invasive":[7],"monitoring":[8],"of":[9,38,40,91],"vital":[10],"indicators":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"heart":[14,99],"rate":[15],"(HR)":[16],"and":[17,103],"oxygen":[18],"saturation":[19],"(SpO":[20],"<sub":[21],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[22],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[23],").":[24],"Today,":[25],"the":[26,35,41,57,75,89,106],"total":[27],"PPG":[28,108],"sensor":[29],"power":[30,77,85],"consumption":[31],"dominated":[33],"by":[34,55,64],"few":[36],"tens":[37],"mA":[39],"LEDs":[42],"driving":[43],"current.":[44],"Different":[45],"solutions":[46],"have":[47],"been":[48,79],"proposed":[49],"to":[50],"solve":[51],"this":[52,84],"bottle-neck,":[53],"either":[54],"reducing":[56],"LED":[58,76],"duty":[59],"cycle":[60],"[1],":[61],"[2]":[62],"or":[63],"nonuniform":[65],"sub-sampling":[66],"[3].":[67],"A":[68],"heart-beat-locked":[69],"loop":[70],"system":[71],"that":[72],"significantly":[73],"reduces":[74],"has":[78],"recently":[80],"demonstrated":[81],"[4].":[82],"However,":[83],"reduction":[86],"comes":[87],"at":[88],"cost":[90],"more":[92],"complexity":[93],"since":[94],"it":[95],"requires":[96],"non-trivial":[98],"beat":[100],"prediction":[101],"scheme":[102],"intrinsically":[104],"hinders":[105],"full":[107],"wave":[109],"representation.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}