{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793543504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2018.8310201","title":"A 256\u00d7256 45/65nm 3D-stacked SPAD-based direct TOF image sensor for LiDAR applications with optical polar modulation for up to 18.6dB interference suppression","display_name":"A 256\u00d7256 45/65nm 3D-stacked SPAD-based direct TOF image sensor for LiDAR applications with optical polar modulation for up to 18.6dB interference suppression","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793543504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2018.8310201","mag":"2793543504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2018.8310201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2018.8310201","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Solid - State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/256448","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108657506","display_name":"Augusto Ronchini Ximenes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Augusto Ronchini Ximenes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069373987","display_name":"Preethi Padmanabhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preethi Padmanabhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Neuchatel, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Neuchatel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024517783","display_name":"Myung-Jae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-1437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myung-Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Neuchatel, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Neuchatel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090877327","display_name":"Y. Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-2054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuichiro Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109175569","display_name":"D.N. Yaung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. N. Yaung","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSMC, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026782847","display_name":"Edoardo Charbon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0620-3365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Charbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108657506"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.0983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99359337,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"96","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8599743843078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.793616771697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6667702198028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6205187439918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.45916518568992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.44937753677368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.44079717993736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.41986608505249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41094303131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3645537495613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.2247665524482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17939308285713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.09043601155281067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8599743843078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.793616771697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6667702198028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6205187439918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.45916518568992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.44937753677368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.44079717993736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.41986608505249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41094303131103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3645537495613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2247665524482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17939308285713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.09043601155281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2018.8310201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2018.8310201","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Solid - State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:256448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/256448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/256448","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:266850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/266850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:256448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/256448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/256448","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984001432","https://openalex.org/W2053286848","https://openalex.org/W2135448171","https://openalex.org/W2291767748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W2944239605","https://openalex.org/W1873415836","https://openalex.org/W4200290804","https://openalex.org/W2139783875","https://openalex.org/W4312469487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"detection":[1],"and":[2,19,30,37,49,82,95],"ranging":[3],"(LiDAR)":[4],"systems":[5,28],"based":[6],"on":[7],"direct":[8],"time-of-flight":[9],"(DTOF)":[10],"are":[11,35],"used":[12],"in":[13],"spacecraft":[14],"navigation,":[15],"assembly-line":[16],"robotics,":[17],"augmented":[18],"virtual":[20],"reality":[21],"(AR/VR),":[22],"(drone-based)":[23],"surveillance,":[24],"advanced":[25],"driver":[26],"assistance":[27],"(ADAS),":[29],"autonomous":[31],"cars.":[32],"Common":[33],"requirements":[34],"accuracy":[36],"speed,":[38],"while":[39],"ensuring":[40],"long":[41],"operating":[42],"distance,":[43],"high":[44,93],"tolerance":[45],"to":[46,51],"background":[47],"illumination":[48],"robustness":[50],"interference":[52],"from":[53],"other":[54],"LiDAR":[55],"systems.":[56],"To":[57],"meet":[58],"these":[59],"demands,":[60],"the":[61],"DTOF":[62],"sensor":[63],"community":[64],"has":[65],"provided":[66],"numerous":[67],"architectures,":[68],"typically":[69],"making":[70],"use":[71],"of":[72],"resource":[73,85],"sharing":[74,86],"that":[75],"often":[76],"introduces":[77],"tradeoffs":[78],"between":[79],"pixel":[80],"count":[81],"speed.":[83],"If":[84],"is":[87],"not":[88],"used,":[89],"reduced":[90],"fill":[91],"factor,":[92],"non-uniformity,":[94],"pile-up":[96],"distortion":[97],"generally":[98],"arise,":[99],"thus":[100],"limiting":[101],"overall":[102],"performance":[103],"[1].":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2018-03-29T00:00:00"}
