{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2289520113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2016.7417995","title":"13.1 A 940MHz-bandwidth 28.8\u00b5s-period 8.9GHz chirp frequency synthesizer PLL in 65nm CMOS for X-band FMCW radar applications","display_name":"13.1 A 940MHz-bandwidth 28.8\u00b5s-period 8.9GHz chirp frequency synthesizer PLL in 65nm CMOS for X-band FMCW radar applications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2289520113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2016.7417995","mag":"2289520113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2016.7417995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2016.7417995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039689833","display_name":"Hwanseok Yeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-4532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hwanseok Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsuno Semiconductor, Hwaseong, Korea","Seoul National University, Seoul Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsuno Semiconductor, Hwaseong, Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024860679","display_name":"Sigang Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-8117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigang Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102784518","display_name":"Yoontaek Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9319-2889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoontaek Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020187042","display_name":"Seuk Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4141-9425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seuk Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015393579","display_name":"Jaeha Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-3134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeha Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039689833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90691482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"238","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.8791313767433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6678780913352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp-spread-spectrum","display_name":"Chirp spread spectrum","score":0.6284421682357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.574855387210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5604636073112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.5040625333786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.48859530687332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.4370863437652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43287724256515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.42979884147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.4242456555366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.38718879222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29263994097709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28640952706336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2698076367378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22021716833114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.13234099745750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-sequence-spread-spectrum","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","score":0.09191814064979553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.8791313767433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6678780913352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105152959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074780","display_name":"Chirp spread spectrum","level":5,"score":0.6284421682357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.574855387210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5604636073112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.5040625333786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.48859530687332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4370863437652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43287724256515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.42979884147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.4242456555366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38718879222869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29263994097709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28640952706336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2698076367378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22021716833114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.13234099745750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194491627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334354","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","level":4,"score":0.09191814064979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2016.7417995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2016.7417995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968175102","https://openalex.org/W2043250436","https://openalex.org/W2063483061","https://openalex.org/W2079393632","https://openalex.org/W2118570658","https://openalex.org/W2140873059","https://openalex.org/W2150596293","https://openalex.org/W6666508501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2976219355","https://openalex.org/W2317297318","https://openalex.org/W2155641694","https://openalex.org/W2972564959","https://openalex.org/W2089131288","https://openalex.org/W1600405202","https://openalex.org/W1486070987","https://openalex.org/W3064661991","https://openalex.org/W2065883652","https://openalex.org/W2359366503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"obtain":[1],"a":[2,6,23,32,49,57,124,149],"20cm-resolution":[3],"image":[4],"within":[5],"15m":[7],"distance":[8],"using":[9],"an":[10,14],"X-band":[11],"FMCW":[12,68],"radar,":[13],"agile":[15],"chirp":[16,25,34,51,59,107,116,185,194],"frequency":[17,72,95,126],"synthesizer":[18],"phase-locked":[19],"loop":[20,99],"(FSPLL)":[21],"with":[22,56],"wide":[24],"bandwidth":[26,100,142,162],"(BW)":[27],"greater":[28],"than":[29,38],"750MHz":[30],"and":[31,62,129,174],"short":[33],"period":[35],"(Tm)":[36],"less":[37],"100\u03bcs":[39],"is":[40],"necessary.":[41],"Challenges":[42],"arise":[43],"as":[44,109,111],"one":[45,189],"tries":[46,190],"to":[47,143,191],"realize":[48],"triangular":[50],"profile":[52],"in":[53],"Fig.":[54],"13.1.1":[55],"fast":[58],"slope":[60,108,195],"(=BW/Tm)":[61],"precise":[63],"linearity.":[64],"In":[65],"particular,":[66],"many":[67,119],"FSPLLs":[69,87],"exhibit":[70],"increased":[71],"errors":[73],"around":[74],"the":[75,80,90,97,102,105,112,115,139,145,156,160,164,170,178,184,193],"turn-around":[76],"points":[77],"(TAPs),":[78],"degrading":[79],"effective":[81],"resolution":[82,176],"achievable.":[83],"For":[84],"instance,":[85],"for":[86],"modulating":[88],"either":[89],"reference":[91],"or":[92,166],"feedback":[93],"clock":[94],"[1-3],":[96],"finite":[98],"of":[101,114,120,177],"PLL":[103,141,161],"limits":[104],"maximum":[106,140],"well":[110],"linearity":[113],"profile.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"these":[121],"PLLs":[122],"use":[123],"multi-modulus":[125],"divider":[127],"(FD)":[128],"delta-sigma":[130],"modulation":[131,151,172],"(DSM)":[132],"[2],":[133],"which":[134],"put":[135],"further":[136],"constraints":[137],"on":[138,159],"filter":[144],"quantization":[146],"noise.":[147],"While":[148],"two-point":[150],"(TPM)":[152],"scheme":[153],"can":[154,181],"decouple":[155],"conflicting":[157],"requirements":[158],"[4-6],":[163],"gain":[165],"timing":[167],"mismatch":[168],"between":[169],"two":[171],"paths":[173],"limited":[175],"DSM-based":[179],"FD":[180],"still":[182],"limit":[183],"linearity,":[186],"especially":[187],"when":[188],"push":[192],"faster.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}