{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999242325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7063118","title":"25.5 A 320GHz phase-locked transmitter with 3.3mW radiated power and 22.5dBm EIRP for heterodyne THz imaging systems","display_name":"25.5 A 320GHz phase-locked transmitter with 3.3mW radiated power and 22.5dBm EIRP for heterodyne THz imaging systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999242325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7063118","mag":"1999242325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7063118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7063118","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751337","display_name":"Ruonan Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruonan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076687651","display_name":"Chen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-8400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082399436","display_name":"Ali Mostajeran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mostajeran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063851327","display_name":"Mohammad Javad Emadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-9771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Emadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040945735","display_name":"Hamidreza Aghasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-7785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Aghasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083397167","display_name":"Hani Sherry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Sherry","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087288705","display_name":"Andreia Cathelin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreia Cathelin","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016591325","display_name":"Ehsan Afshari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-1788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Afshari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100751337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96976848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.8011122941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6817578077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodyne","display_name":"Heterodyne (poetry)","score":0.6055885553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-radiated-power","display_name":"Effective radiated power","score":0.5690239667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5523859858512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5308723449707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5075944662094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superheterodyne-receiver","display_name":"Superheterodyne receiver","score":0.4638715982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinal-point","display_name":"Cardinal point","score":0.45707330107688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.44747257232666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4110880196094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32826483249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.31420058012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.22829791903495789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1811208724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09241330623626709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.8011122941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6817578077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780497637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938394","display_name":"Heterodyne (poetry)","level":2,"score":0.6055885553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34556337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295986","display_name":"Effective radiated power","level":3,"score":0.5690239667892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5523859858512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5308723449707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5075944662094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55366258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332683","display_name":"Superheterodyne receiver","level":3,"score":0.4638715982437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138395690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376733","display_name":"Cardinal point","level":2,"score":0.45707330107688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.44747257232666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4110880196094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32826483249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.31420058012008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.22829791903495789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1811208724975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09241330623626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7063118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7063118","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994297984","https://openalex.org/W1999482106","https://openalex.org/W2016497883","https://openalex.org/W2019710422","https://openalex.org/W2033423326","https://openalex.org/W2070133547","https://openalex.org/W2122202713","https://openalex.org/W2129171330","https://openalex.org/W3047795512","https://openalex.org/W6650237931","https://openalex.org/W6655364730","https://openalex.org/W6679258963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981836430","https://openalex.org/W2737156898","https://openalex.org/W4250427712","https://openalex.org/W2160267557","https://openalex.org/W2020920859","https://openalex.org/W2322447313","https://openalex.org/W1984111416","https://openalex.org/W2049802101","https://openalex.org/W2046507437","https://openalex.org/W4394951616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-ionizing":[0],"terahertz":[1],"imaging":[2,29,101,106,225],"using":[3,173],"solid-state":[4],"integrated":[5],"electronics":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"gaining":[9],"increasing":[10],"attention":[11],"over":[12],"the":[13,25,33,44,63,76,121,145,196,205,212],"past":[14],"few":[15],"years.":[16],"However,":[17],"there":[18],"are":[19,96,195],"currently":[20],"several":[21],"factors":[22],"that":[23,53],"deter":[24],"implementations":[26],"of":[27,35,46,54,123,136],"fully-integrated":[28,219],"systems.":[30,226],"Due":[31,119],"to":[32,110,120],"lack":[34],"low-noise":[36],"amplification":[37],"above":[38],"f":[39],"<sub":[40],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[41],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">max</sub>":[42],",":[43],"sensitivity":[45,117],"THz":[47,146,201],"pixels":[48],"on":[49,81],"silicon":[50,82,200],"cannot":[51],"match":[52],"its":[55],"mm-Wave":[56],"or":[57],"light-wave":[58],"counterparts.":[59],"This,":[60],"combined":[61],"with":[62,132,151,164,190],"focal-plane":[64],"array":[65],"configuration":[66],"adopted":[67],"by":[68,217],"previous":[69],"sensors,":[70],"requires":[71,141],"exceedingly":[72],"large":[73],"power":[74,189],"for":[75,98],"illumination":[77],"sources.":[78],"Previous":[79],"works":[80],"have":[83],"demonstrated":[84,109],"1mW":[85],"radiation":[86],"[1,3];":[87],"but":[88],"higher":[89],"power,":[90],"as":[91,93],"well":[92],"energy":[94],"efficiency,":[95,193],"needed":[97],"a":[99,133,152,159,170,218],"practical":[100],"system.":[102],"In":[103,157,167],"addition,":[104],"heterodyne":[105,224],"scheme":[107],"was":[108],"be":[111],"very":[112],"effective":[113],"in":[114,204,208],"enhancing":[115],"detection":[116],"[4].":[118],"preservation":[122],"phase":[124,142],"information,":[125],"it":[126],"also":[127],"enables":[128,222],"digital":[129],"beam":[130,214],"forming":[131],"small":[134,153],"number":[135],"receiver":[137,149],"units.":[138],"This":[139],"however":[140],"locking":[143],"between":[144],"source":[147],"and":[148],"LO":[150],"frequency":[154],"offset":[155],"(IF<;1GHz).":[156],"[5],":[158],"300GHz":[160],"PLL":[161],"is":[162,176,215],"reported":[163],"probed":[165],"output.":[166],"this":[168,184],"paper,":[169],"320GHz":[171],"transmitter":[172],"SiGe":[174],"HBTs":[175],"presented":[177],"(Fig.":[178],"25.5.1).":[179],"Combining":[180],"16":[181],"coherent":[182],"radiators,":[183],"work":[185],"achieves":[186],"3.3mW":[187],"radiated":[188],"0.54%":[191],"DC-RF":[192],"which":[194,221],"highest":[197],"among":[198],"state-of-the-art":[199],"radiators":[202],"shown":[203],"comparison":[206],"table":[207],"Fig.":[209],"25.5.6.":[210],"Meanwhile,":[211],"output":[213],"phase-locked":[216],"PLL,":[220],"high-performance":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}