{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052698904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062994","title":"11.2 A 10.8ps-time-resolution 256&amp;#x00D7;512 image sensor with 2-Tap true-CDS lock-in pixels for fluorescence lifetime imaging","display_name":"11.2 A 10.8ps-time-resolution 256&amp;#x00D7;512 image sensor with 2-Tap true-CDS lock-in pixels for fluorescence lifetime imaging","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052698904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062994","mag":"2052698904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7062994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007930789","display_name":"Min-Woong Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-1378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Woong Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka Daigaku, Shizuoka, JP","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka Daigaku, Shizuoka, JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102722014","display_name":"Keiichiro Kagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-2029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keiichiro Kagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032893390","display_name":"Keita Yasutomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-8506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keita Yasutomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074244031","display_name":"Taishi Takasawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taishi Takasawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110615802","display_name":"Yoshimasa Kawata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0830-8010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshimasa Kawata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049537828","display_name":"Nobukazu Teranishi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobukazu Teranishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101467444","display_name":"Zhuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-788X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071198969","display_name":"Izhal Abdul Halin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-9383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izhal Abdul Halin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Putra University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Putra University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065338590","display_name":"Shoji Kawahito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-5006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoji Kawahito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY HAMAMATSU , JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96001385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.7127008438110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6716158986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.6405612230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.6291991472244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-photon-avalanche-diode","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","score":0.5662286281585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-lifetime-imaging-microscopy","display_name":"Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy","score":0.5378156900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5002737045288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4973192512989044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-coupled-device","display_name":"Charge-coupled device","score":0.4617782533168793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4510098397731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.43274450302124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.42400646209716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4135715365409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-and-integration","display_name":"Time delay and integration","score":0.41355255246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.3531379699707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3142034411430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2921407222747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"Fluorescence","score":0.191209077835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1319798231124878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.7127008438110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6716158986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.6405612230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.6291991472244263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193361668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523761","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.5662286281585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57477423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434196","display_name":"Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy","level":3,"score":0.5378156900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5002737045288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4973192512989044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152213855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189880","display_name":"Charge-coupled device","level":2,"score":0.4617782533168793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4510098397731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.43274450302124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.42400646209716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4135715365409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805282","display_name":"Time delay and integration","level":2,"score":0.41355255246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.3531379699707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3142034411430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2921407222747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.191209077835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1319798231124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7062994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990780119","https://openalex.org/W2004482449","https://openalex.org/W2020363440","https://openalex.org/W2069490944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992737278","https://openalex.org/W1967728013","https://openalex.org/W1483821217","https://openalex.org/W2035885782","https://openalex.org/W2317801534","https://openalex.org/W1979221943","https://openalex.org/W4321519289","https://openalex.org/W2051523801","https://openalex.org/W1599479652","https://openalex.org/W2049625409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluorescence":[0],"lifetime":[1,52],"imaging":[2],"microscopy":[3],"(FLIM),":[4],"which":[5],"is":[6,23,113],"a":[7,24,60,72,95,126,136,156,160,169],"nondestructive":[8],"and":[9,13,21,42,64,86,100,141,165],"minimally":[10],"invasive":[11],"manner":[12],"can":[14,149],"therefore":[15],"be":[16,150],"applied":[17],"to":[18,83],"living":[19],"cells":[20],"tissues,":[22],"great":[25],"analysis":[26],"tool":[27],"in":[28,34],"fundamental":[29],"physics":[30],"as":[31,33],"well":[32],"the":[35,91,109],"life":[36],"sciences.":[37],"Charge-coupled":[38],"devices":[39],"(CCDs)":[40],"[1]":[41],"single-photon":[43,62],"avalanche":[44],"diodes":[45],"(SPADs)":[46],"[2,3]":[47],"are":[48,103,168],"used":[49],"for":[50],"time-resolved":[51,57,111,121],"measurement.":[53],"In":[54],"particular,":[55],"SPAD-based":[56,110],"imagers":[58,112],"have":[59],"high":[61,92],"sensitivity":[63],"good":[65],"noise":[66],"robustness.":[67],"However,":[68,153],"they":[69],"consist":[70],"of":[71,98,108],"SPAD":[73],"array":[74],"with":[75],"pixel":[76,139],"circuitry,":[77],"time-to-digital":[78],"converters":[79],"(TDCs),":[80],"digital":[81,101],"integrators":[82,102],"amplify":[84],"signals,":[85],"readout":[87],"circuitry.":[88],"To":[89],"implement":[90],"photon-counting":[93],"rate,":[94],"large":[96],"number":[97],"TDCs":[99],"required.":[104],"The":[105],"spatial":[106],"resolution":[107],"limited":[114],"on":[115],"this":[116],"account.":[117],"A":[118],"recently":[119],"reported":[120],"CMOS":[122],"imager":[123],"[4]":[124],"using":[125],"draining-only":[127],"modulation":[128],"(DOM)":[129],"technique":[130],"has":[131,155],"an":[132],"attractive":[133],"feature":[134],"that":[135],"very":[137],"simple":[138],"structure":[140],"2-stage":[142],"charge":[143],"transfer":[144,146,163],"without":[145],"gate":[147],"(TG)":[148],"simultaneously":[151],"attained.":[152],"it":[154],"small":[157],"aperture":[158],"area,":[159],"comparatively":[161],"low":[162],"speed,":[164],"multiple":[166],"outputs":[167],"challenge.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
