{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088083354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062925","title":"3.5 A 16-to-40Gb/s quarter-rate NRZ/PAM4 dual-mode transmitter in 14nm CMOS","display_name":"3.5 A 16-to-40Gb/s quarter-rate NRZ/PAM4 dual-mode transmitter in 14nm CMOS","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088083354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062925","mag":"2088083354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7062925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062925","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100451545","display_name":"Jihwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-2997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023837519","display_name":"Ajay Balankutty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Balankutty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087380109","display_name":"Amr Elshazly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-9138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Elshazly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077305192","display_name":"Yanyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-944X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Yu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053360293","display_name":"Song Hang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028081514","display_name":"Kai Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-2987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010946517","display_name":"Frank O\u2019Mahony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-9452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank O'Mahony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.9997,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":102,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99826328,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serdes","display_name":"SerDes","score":0.9174762964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6552679538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6391175389289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6357554793357849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5167486071586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.48202526569366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-integrity","display_name":"Signal integrity","score":0.4725468158721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.46057581901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermodulation","display_name":"Intermodulation","score":0.4292508661746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.42066651582717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4169181287288666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.37183916568756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33832302689552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2572525143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.22372734546661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16365298628807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.1623179018497467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19707634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510662","display_name":"SerDes","level":2,"score":0.9174762964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6552679538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6391175389289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6357554793357849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5167486071586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.48202526569366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44938667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4503810","display_name":"Signal integrity","level":3,"score":0.4725468158721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46057581901550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11773624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142232","display_name":"Intermodulation","level":4,"score":0.4292508661746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.42066651582717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4169181287288666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.37183916568756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33832302689552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2572525143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.22372734546661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16365298628807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.1623179018497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7062925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062925","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976773579","https://openalex.org/W2012162936","https://openalex.org/W2029291108","https://openalex.org/W2102506502","https://openalex.org/W2143085570","https://openalex.org/W2157486149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391465108","https://openalex.org/W2288145321","https://openalex.org/W4388561953","https://openalex.org/W2289144689","https://openalex.org/W2266806120","https://openalex.org/W1574456078","https://openalex.org/W2370916977","https://openalex.org/W4386085627","https://openalex.org/W3189886610","https://openalex.org/W2958304745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"standards":[1,17],"in":[2,36,126],"wireline":[3],"communication":[4],"are":[5],"defining":[6],"a":[7,33,72,121,145,160,164],"path":[8],"to":[9,32,99,108,140,153],"data-rates":[10],"of":[11,79,90,104],"40Gb/s":[12],"and":[13,43,56,76,86,115,133,136,166,175],"beyond.":[14],"Most":[15],"previous":[16],"for":[18,40,179],"these":[19,95],"networking":[20],"applications":[21,42],"use":[22],"NRZ":[23,59,132,147],"signaling.":[24],"However,":[25,64],"practical":[26],"signal":[27],"integrity":[28],"constraints":[29],"have":[30,49],"led":[31],"renewed":[34],"interest":[35],"also":[37],"supporting":[38],"PAM4":[39,61,134,155],"some":[41],"loss":[44],"profiles.":[45],"Recently,":[46],"several":[47],"transmitters":[48],"been":[50],"reported":[51],"that":[52,69,129,150],"operate":[53],"between":[54,84],"28":[55],"60Gb/s":[57],"using":[58],"or":[60],"modulation":[62,80],"exclusively.":[63],"high-speed":[65],"SerDes":[66],"building":[67],"blocks":[68,96],"support":[70],"both":[71,131],"wide":[73],"frequency":[74],"range":[75],"multiple":[77,91],"forms":[78],"provide":[81],"more":[82],"compatibility":[83],"components":[85],"avoid":[87],"the":[88,102,110],"development":[89],"IPs.":[92],"In":[93],"addition,":[94],"must":[97],"continue":[98],"scale":[100],"into":[101],"next-generation":[103],"CMOS":[105,128],"process":[106],"technologies":[107],"lower":[109],"cost":[111],"by":[112],"reducing":[113],"area":[114],"power":[116],"consumption.":[117],"This":[118],"paper":[119],"presents":[120],"dual-mode":[122],"transmitter":[123],"(TX)":[124],"implemented":[125],"14nm":[127],"supports":[130],"modulations":[135],"operates":[137],"from":[138],"16":[139],"40Gb/s.":[141],"The":[142],"TX":[143],"incorporates":[144],"4-tap":[146],"FIR":[148],"filter":[149],"is":[151],"reconfigurable":[152],"drive":[154],"levels,":[156],"quarter-rate":[157],"clocking":[158],"with":[159,170],"high-bandwidth":[161],"4:1":[162],"serializer,":[163],"duty-cycle":[165],"quadrature-error":[167],"correction":[168],"circuit":[169],"statistical":[171],"phase":[172],"error":[173],"detection,":[174],"compact,":[176],"multi-layer":[177],"T-coils":[178],"pad":[180],"capacitance":[181],"(Cpad)":[182],"reduction.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
