{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031588932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062915","title":"2.6 Class-0: A highly linear class of power amplifiers in 0.13&amp;#x03BC;m CMOS for WCDMA/LTE applications","display_name":"2.6 Class-0: A highly linear class of power amplifiers in 0.13&amp;#x03BC;m CMOS for WCDMA/LTE applications","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031588932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062915","mag":"2031588932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7062915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011295583","display_name":"Ahmed Farouk Aref","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Farouk Aref","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110240648","display_name":"Renato Negra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato Negra","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101422272","display_name":"Muhammad Abdullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-9196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abdullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3529,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97029125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.8887601494789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6893997192382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5508267879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.5371037721633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49200746417045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.461883008480072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.42922842502593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.41921600699424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3428766131401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2955014407634735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.8887601494789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6893997192382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5508267879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.5371037721633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49200746417045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.461883008480072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.42922842502593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.41921600699424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3428766131401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2955014407634735}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2015.7062915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2015.7062915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594376281","https://openalex.org/W1969543284","https://openalex.org/W2009880116","https://openalex.org/W2045087601","https://openalex.org/W2047276080","https://openalex.org/W2047498042","https://openalex.org/W2150194744","https://openalex.org/W2626413541","https://openalex.org/W6635468674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783437851","https://openalex.org/W4249165909","https://openalex.org/W1672137312","https://openalex.org/W1650483958","https://openalex.org/W2320869333","https://openalex.org/W2115569193","https://openalex.org/W2157802116","https://openalex.org/W2161127017","https://openalex.org/W3047813805","https://openalex.org/W2113057816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integration":[0],"of":[1,47,52,80,94,110,114,125,162,174],"RF":[2,38,66],"transceiver":[3],"blocks":[4],"along":[5],"with":[6,116],"the":[7,16,19,30,37,50,57,132,169,172],"digital":[8],"signal":[9],"processing":[10],"part":[11],"in":[12,18,40,71,139,179],"CMOS":[13,41,72,82,140,181],"is":[14,32,73,145],"becoming":[15],"trend":[17],"semiconductor":[20],"industry":[21],"for":[22,68],"lower":[23],"cost":[24],"and":[25,49,171,182],"smaller":[26],"form":[27],"factor.":[28],"Nowadays,":[29],"interest":[31],"even":[33],"growing":[34,62],"towards":[35],"implementing":[36,65],"PA":[39,106,177],"technology.":[42],"Cost":[43],"reduction,":[44],"diversifying":[45],"means":[46],"fabrication":[48],"addition":[51],"performance":[53],"enhancement":[54],"circuitry":[55],"are":[56,135],"main":[58],"reasons":[59],"behind":[60],"this":[61,156],"interest.":[63],"However,":[64,112],"PAs":[67],"3G/4G":[69],"standards":[70],"quite":[74],"challenging:":[75],"The":[76],"low":[77],"breakdown":[78],"voltage":[79],"nanoscale":[81],"causes":[83],"a":[84,122,136,159,175,185],"ruggedness":[85],"problem":[86,138],"at":[87],"typical":[88],"average":[89],"output":[90,107],"power":[91,108],"(Pavg)":[92],"levels":[93],"26dBm":[95],"or":[96],"more.":[97],"In":[98],"[1,2],":[99],"power-combining":[100],"techniques":[101],"were":[102],"used":[103,146],"to":[104,147],"reach":[105],"(Pout)":[109],"33dBm.":[111],"amplification":[113],"signals":[115],"high":[117,123],"peak-to-average-power-ratio":[118],"(PAPR)":[119],"requires":[120],"also":[121],"degree":[124],"linearity.":[126],"Significant":[127],"AM-PM":[128],"distortions":[129],"caused":[130],"by":[131,168],"voltage-dependent":[133],"parasitics":[134],"fundamental":[137],"PAs.":[141],"Thus":[142],"far,":[143],"predistortion":[144],"meet":[148],"EVM":[149],"requirements":[150],"[2].":[151],"To":[152],"overcome":[153],"these":[154],"challenges,":[155],"work":[157],"presents":[158],"new":[160],"class":[161],"operation,":[163],"termed":[164],"as":[165],"Class-O,":[166],"demonstrated":[167],"design":[170],"measurement":[173],"single-stage":[176],"implemented":[178],"0.13\u03bcm":[180],"operating":[183],"from":[184],"3.3V":[186],"supply.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
