{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984352481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2012.6177009","title":"A 144GHz 0.76cm-resolution sub-carrier SAR phase radar for 3D imaging in 65nm CMOS","display_name":"A 144GHz 0.76cm-resolution sub-carrier SAR phase radar for 3D imaging in 65nm CMOS","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984352481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2012.6177009","mag":"1984352481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2012.6177009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2012.6177009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079757794","display_name":"Adrian Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-4490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA",", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027513350","display_name":"Gabriel Virbila","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Virbila","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA",", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103136085","display_name":"David Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3241-8255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA",", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111091541","display_name":"F. Hsiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA",", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005346878","display_name":"Y. H. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. H. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA",", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072345291","display_name":"Qun Jane Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-6177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. J. Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","University of Florida, Gainsville, FL#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainsville, FL#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061181973","display_name":"Zhiwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-0632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL, Malibu, CA, USA","HRL, Malibu, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL, Malibu, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL, Malibu, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082763858","display_name":"Yuexin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-5678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948394018","display_name":"Northrop Grumman (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kewds18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Los Angeles, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045903091","display_name":"Ming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6083-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA",", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051454330","display_name":"Mau-Chung Frank Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-9359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mau-Chung Frank Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA",", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079757794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8921,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96467925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"264","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.6358707547187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.6100939512252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5392995476722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5066474080085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47050541639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave","display_name":"Continuous wave","score":0.4362141489982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4009096920490265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38636136054992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2799457609653473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20005160570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18249991536140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.11865231394767761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.6358707547187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.6100939512252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5392995476722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5066474080085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47050541639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99568719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129003","display_name":"Continuous wave","level":3,"score":0.4362141489982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4009096920490265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38636136054992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2799457609653473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20005160570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18249991536140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.11865231394767761}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2012.6177009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2012.6177009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117669487","https://openalex.org/W2138944417","https://openalex.org/W2141938906","https://openalex.org/W2150558863","https://openalex.org/W2150596293","https://openalex.org/W6680658083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555581363","https://openalex.org/W2091887884","https://openalex.org/W4313855562","https://openalex.org/W2142793224","https://openalex.org/W2091422131","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W3154381281","https://openalex.org/W4210638523","https://openalex.org/W2759710661","https://openalex.org/W2767592251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-Wave-based":[0],"radar":[1,23,56,72,108,197],"has":[2],"gained":[3],"attention":[4],"in":[5,51,75,86],"recent":[6],"years":[7],"for":[8,33,117],"automotive":[9,76],"and":[10,36,60,68,109,137],"object":[11],"detection":[12],"applications.":[13,38],"Several":[14],"new":[15],"applications":[16,77],"are":[17,78],"also":[18,179],"emerging":[19],"which":[20,87],"employ":[21],"mm-Wave":[22,29,45,71,152],"techniques":[24,85],"to":[25,64,92,102,144],"construct":[26],"short":[27],"range":[28,59],"3D":[30,44,151],"imaging":[31,153,175],"systems":[32,73],"security":[34],"screening":[35],"biomedical":[37],"At":[39],"present,":[40],"these":[41],"types":[42],"of":[43,173,195],"imagers":[46],"have":[47],"only":[48],"been":[49],"demonstrated":[50],"lll-V":[52],"technology,":[53],"as":[54,128,161,185],"CMOS-based":[55],"suffers":[57],"several":[58],"resolution":[61,130,166],"limitations":[62],"due":[63],"limited":[65,169],"output":[66,100],"power":[67],"linearity.Most":[69],"CMOS":[70],"used":[74],"based":[79],"on":[80,134],"Frequency-Modulated":[81],"Continuous-Wave":[82],"(FMCW)":[83],"ranging":[84],"the":[88,98,103,107,129,138,146,162,171,174,186,193,196,200],"carrier":[89],"is":[90,113,131,159,167,190],"swept":[91,148],"produce":[93],"a":[94],"frequency":[95,158,178],"offset":[96],"at":[97,125],"receiver":[99],"proportional":[101],"round-trip":[104],"distance":[105],"between":[106],"target.":[110],"While":[111],"FMCW":[112],"an":[114],"excellent":[115],"approach":[116],"accurate":[118],"ranging,":[119],"its":[120],"implementation":[121],"becomes":[122],"particularly":[123],"difficult":[124],"high":[126,139,156],"frequencies":[127],"heavily":[132],"dependent":[133],"sweep":[135],"linearity":[136],"RF":[140],"front-end":[141],"performance":[142],"required":[143],"support":[145],"wideband":[147],"carrier.":[149],"For":[150],"applications,":[154],"this":[155],"operating":[157],"indispensable":[160],"attainable":[163],"spatial":[164],"(XY)":[165],"fundamentally":[168],"by":[170,192],"wavelength":[172,198],"system.":[176],"Higher":[177],"helps":[180],"relax":[181],"focusing":[182],"lens":[183,201],"requirements,":[184],"optical":[187],"diffraction":[188],"limit":[189],"set":[191],"ratio":[194],"over":[199],"aperture":[202],"size.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
