{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038041454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2011.5746429","title":"F2: Ultra-low voltage VLSIs for energy efficient systems","display_name":"F2: Ultra-low voltage VLSIs for energy efficient systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038041454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2011.5746429","mag":"2038041454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2011.5746429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2011.5746429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032914719","display_name":"Ken Takeuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-6503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ken Takeuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103565965","display_name":"Ken Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32923980","display_name":"Xilinx (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rb7bk56","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32923980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","[Xilinx, San Jose, CA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Xilinx, San Jose, CA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32923980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629178","display_name":"Guomin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-7431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Intel, Hillsboro OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050005092","display_name":"Tadashi Yamauchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadashi Yamauchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Renesas Electronics, Itami, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Itami, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023376625","display_name":"Roberto Gastaldi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Gastaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Numonyx, Brianza, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Numonyx, Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032914719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09642627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"514","last_page":"515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microprocessor","display_name":"Microprocessor","score":0.6787745952606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6065294146537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5151280164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5118250250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.4923783540725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43394023180007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33184105157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22136282920837402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5297","display_name":"Microprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6787745952606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6065294146537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5151280164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5118250250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.4923783540725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43394023180007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33184105157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22136282920837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2011.5746429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2011.5746429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W39373273","https://openalex.org/W2098026815","https://openalex.org/W2390545901","https://openalex.org/W2351709090","https://openalex.org/W4283025278","https://openalex.org/W2387235933","https://openalex.org/W1987313229","https://openalex.org/W2001393705","https://openalex.org/W2357771869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"efficient":[1],"VLSIs":[2],"with":[3,87,156,170,178,184,201,218,292],"an":[4,63,293],"ultra-low":[5],"voltage":[6,47,220,230,240,255],"power":[7,28,51,112,125,203],"supply":[8],"down":[9,249],"to":[10,144,186,250],"0.5V":[11,251],"are":[12,121,168,193,222,237,304],"in":[13,16,76,98,109,153,165,210,298],"growing":[14],"demand":[15],"various":[17,276],"applications,":[18],"e.g.,":[19],"secure":[20],"card,":[21],"sensor":[22],"node,":[23],"and":[24,36,53,103,116,126,151,190,235,258,261,287,312],"medical":[25],"systems":[26],"where":[27],"is":[29,101,204,245,290],"supplied":[30],"by":[31],"RF":[32],"wave,":[33],"solar":[34],"cells":[35],"small":[37],"batteries.":[38],"Various":[39],"technological":[40],"challenges,":[41],"including":[42],"PVT":[43],"variations,":[44],"low":[45,54,124,132],"operating":[46,129],"margin,":[48],"increased":[49,157],"stand-by":[50],"consumption":[52],"driving":[55],"current,":[56],"must":[57],"be":[58,264],"addressed.":[59],"This":[60],"forum":[61,85,139],"provides":[62],"overview":[64,89],"of":[65,268],"the":[66,88,110,146,161,275,307],"technical":[67],"challenges":[68,148],"as":[69,71,228,284],"well":[70],"most":[72],"recent":[73],"circuit":[74],"advances":[75],"key":[77],"building":[78,211],"blocks":[79,212],"for":[80,93,123,149,195,213,239,279,315],"digital/analog":[81],"VLSI":[82],"applications.":[83,197],"The":[84,95,138,266],"starts":[86],"on":[90,172,274,295],"microprocessor":[91,96],"design":[92,147,182],"smarphones.":[94],"used":[97],"personal":[99],"computers":[100],"redesigned":[102],"optimized,":[104],"delivering":[105],"over":[106],"2-4\u00d7":[107],"performance":[108,115,277],"smartphone":[111],"envelope.":[113],"High":[114],"variability":[117],"resistant":[118],"device":[119],"technologies":[120,155],"presented":[122,291],"multimedia":[127],"products":[128],"at":[130],"very":[131],"V":[133,173,269],"<sub":[134,174,270],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[135,175,271],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DD</sub>":[136,272],".":[137],"also":[140,205],"has":[141],"three":[142],"presentations":[143],"discuss":[145],"logic":[150],"memory":[152,200],"scaled":[154],"parameter":[158],"variations.":[159],"For":[160],"digital":[162],"design,":[163],"pitfalls":[164],"deep-low-voltage":[166],"circuits":[167,226,257],"summarized":[169],"emphasis":[171,294],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DDmin</sub>":[176],"issues":[177],"experimental":[179],"results.":[180],"SRAM":[181],"trade-offs":[183],"respect":[185],"area,":[187],"read/write":[188],"stability,":[189],"access":[191],"time":[192],"discussed":[194],"different":[196],"Embedded":[198],"non-volatile":[199],"zero":[202],"presented.":[206],"Design":[207],"tradeoffs":[208],"involved":[209],"low-power":[214],"signal":[215],"path":[216],"along":[217],"on-die":[219],"regulators":[221],"discussed.":[223,265],"Key":[224],"analog":[225],"such":[227,283],"low-voltage":[229,254],"generator,":[231],"VCO,":[232],"PLL,":[233],"ADC":[234],"DAC":[236],"examined":[238],"scaling.":[241],"Conventional":[242],"bangap":[243],"reference":[244],"no":[246],"longer":[247],"feasibile":[248],"regime.":[252],"Different":[253],"generator":[256],"their":[259,296],"pros":[260],"cons":[262],"will":[263],"impact":[267],"scaling":[273],"metrics":[278],"timing":[280],"related":[281],"circuits,":[282],"voltage-controlled":[285],"oscillators":[286],"phase-locked":[288],"loops":[289],"application":[297],"input/output":[299],"interfaces.":[300],"Low-voltage":[301],"data":[302],"converters":[303],"reviewed,":[305],"covering":[306],"current":[308],"status,":[309],"enhancement":[310],"solutions":[311],"future":[313],"direction":[314],"higher":[316],"energy":[317],"efficiency.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}