{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038642475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977365","title":"A multirate 3.4-to-6.8mW 85-to-66dB DR GSM/bluetooth/UMTS cascade DT &amp;#x0394;&amp;#x03A3;M in 90nm digital CMOS","display_name":"A multirate 3.4-to-6.8mW 85-to-66dB DR GSM/bluetooth/UMTS cascade DT &amp;#x0394;&amp;#x03A3;M in 90nm digital CMOS","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038642475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977365","mag":"2038642475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2009.4977365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065017418","display_name":"Lynn Bos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Bos","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","IMEC, Leuven, Belgium,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001133087","display_name":"Gerd Vandersteen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-7246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Vandersteen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","[Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103112055","display_name":"Julien Ryckaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0140-3042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ryckaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","IMEC, Leuven, Belgium,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083180838","display_name":"Pieter Rombouts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3731-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Rombouts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","Ghent University, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074429391","display_name":"Yves Rolain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-7914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Rolain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","[Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073931298","display_name":"Geert Van der Plas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4975-6672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Van der Plas","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","IMEC, Leuven, Belgium,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95786517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"176","last_page":"177,177a"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.6967206001281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.613297164440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.4938555359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4694596827030182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.4428388476371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4083488881587982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38450220227241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.11226397752761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0874096155166626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.6967206001281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.613297164440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.4938555359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4694596827030182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.4428388476371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4083488881587982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38450220227241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.11226397752761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0874096155166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2009.4977365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508447989","https://openalex.org/W1524285089","https://openalex.org/W1573455154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976391040","https://openalex.org/W2913428688","https://openalex.org/W2157118673","https://openalex.org/W1624221390","https://openalex.org/W3097708393","https://openalex.org/W1970021101","https://openalex.org/W574432569","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W1947606400","https://openalex.org/W1482165582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,100],"main":[1],"advantages":[2],"of":[3,19,68,97,112,130,207],"discrete-time":[4,71],"(DT)":[5],"systems":[6],"are":[7,80],"their":[8,11],"robustness":[9],"and":[10,60,95,116,120,197],"ability":[12],"to":[13,55,70,84,107,146,153,209],"exploit":[14],"the":[15,35,77,81,85,92,98,109,113,118,128,131,147,150,154,174,180,191,198,235],"high":[16],"switching":[17,233],"speeds":[18],"transistors":[20],"in":[21,25,124,172,205,228],"scaled":[22],"technologies.":[23],"Operating":[24],"discrete":[26],"time":[27],"also":[28,66],"allows":[29],"for":[30,58,122],"system":[31],"reconfiguration":[32],"by":[33,126,167,232],"changing":[34],"sampling":[36,40,110,160,175],"frequency.":[37,161],"Moreover,":[38],"different":[39],"frequencies":[41],"can":[42,51,65,103,164,183,223],"be":[43,53,67,105,165,184],"applied":[44],"throughout":[45],"a":[46,138,158,169,187,210,220,225,229,245],"system.":[47],"This":[48,162],"multirate":[49,63,101,135,250],"feature":[50],"then":[52,104],"exploited":[54],"trade":[56],"performance":[57],"power":[59,87,119],"flexibility.":[61],"technique":[64,102],"benefit":[69],"DeltaSigma":[72,75,140,189,212,252],"modulators.":[73],"In":[74,240],"modulators,":[76],"first":[78,114,192],"integrators":[79,115,152],"largest":[82],"contributors":[83],"overall":[86,93],"consumption":[88],"since":[89],"they":[90],"set":[91],"noise":[94],"distortion":[96],"modulator.":[99,253],"used":[106],"reduce":[108],"speed":[111,129],"hence":[117],"compensate":[121],"loss":[123],"resolution":[125,208],"increasing":[127],"last":[132,151,237],"integrators.":[133],"However,":[134],"processing":[136],"inside":[137],"single-loop":[139],"modulator":[141],"introduces":[142],"additional":[143],"complexity":[144,163],"due":[145],"feedback":[148],"from":[149],"input":[155],"operating":[156,194,216],"at":[157,195,201,217],"lower":[159],"avoided":[166],"using":[168],"cascaded":[170,221],"architecture":[171],"which":[173],"frequency":[176],"is":[177,203],"modified":[178],"between":[179],"stages.":[181],"It":[182],"shown":[185],"that":[186],"cascade":[188,211,251],"with":[190,213],"loop":[193,200],"fs/2":[196],"second":[199],"2fs":[202],"equivalent":[204],"terms":[206],"both":[214],"loops":[215],"fs.":[218],"Furthermore,":[219],"implementation":[222,227],"offer":[224],"power-efficient":[226],"multimode":[230],"context":[231],"off":[234],"appropriate":[236],"stages":[238],".":[239],"this":[241],"paper":[242],"we":[243],"present":[244],"90":[246],"nm":[247],"CMOStri-mode":[248],"DT":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
