{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048490931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977361","title":"A 9b 14&amp;#x00B5;W 0.06mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; PPM ADC in 90nm digital CMOS","display_name":"A 9b 14&amp;#x00B5;W 0.06mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; PPM ADC in 90nm digital CMOS","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048490931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977361","mag":"2048490931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2009.4977361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977361","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018723917","display_name":"Shahrzad Naraghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Naraghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037402074","display_name":"M. Courcy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74760111","display_name":"Texas Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Courcy","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Semiconductor, Salem, NH","[National Semiconductor, Salem, NH, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Semiconductor, Salem, NH","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[National Semiconductor, Salem, NH, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005810864","display_name":"Michael P. Flynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.P. Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9698296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"168","last_page":"169,169a"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.7973787784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7968446612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6101588010787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.5390244722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5316672325134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47714635729789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.47143688797950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.46539175510406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrating-adc","display_name":"Integrating ADC","score":0.4624936878681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4220486283302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.41410917043685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4041266441345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.392007440328598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32610708475112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.31017524003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18391692638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10969412326812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.09871560335159302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.7973787784576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7968446612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6101588010787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5390244722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5316672325134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47714635729789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.47143688797950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.46539175510406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140020054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6043185","display_name":"Integrating ADC","level":5,"score":0.4624936878681183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4220486283302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.41410917043685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4041266441345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.392007440328598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32610708475112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.31017524003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18391692638397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10969412326812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.09871560335159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100329506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336439","display_name":"\u0106uk converter","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2009.4977361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977361","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970725422","https://openalex.org/W2016253482","https://openalex.org/W2026733181","https://openalex.org/W2033079081","https://openalex.org/W2096522967","https://openalex.org/W2111146745","https://openalex.org/W2115161697","https://openalex.org/W2136511864","https://openalex.org/W2163630970","https://openalex.org/W2169913320","https://openalex.org/W2174935410","https://openalex.org/W4254580105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034349229","https://openalex.org/W4366783034","https://openalex.org/W4210925376","https://openalex.org/W2168466824","https://openalex.org/W1980638055","https://openalex.org/W2350861473","https://openalex.org/W4231683848","https://openalex.org/W4378363918","https://openalex.org/W2020246755","https://openalex.org/W3047553688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"CMOS":[1],"dimensions":[2],"scale":[3],"down,":[4],"time-domain":[5],"resolution":[6,14,38],"of":[7,15],"digital":[8],"signals":[9,17],"improves":[10],"but":[11],"the":[12,49,60,68,72,74,78,88,96,100],"voltage":[13,54],"analog":[16],"degrades.":[18],"In":[19,43],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22,93],"introduce":[23],"an":[24],"ADC":[25],"architecture":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28,36,40],"pulse":[29],"position":[30],"modulation":[31],"(PPM),":[32],"which":[33,64],"relies":[34],"more":[35],"time":[37,57,102],"than":[39],"amplitude":[41,98],"resolution.":[42],"PPM":[44],"a":[45,53,83],"continuous-time":[46],"comparator":[47],"compares":[48],"input":[50,75],"signal":[51,76],"with":[52,67],"ramp.":[55],"The":[56],"interval":[58],"between":[59],"ramp":[61,79,89],"starting":[62],"point,":[63],"is":[65,80,91],"synchronous":[66],"reference":[69],"clock,":[70],"and":[71],"instant":[73],"crosses":[77],"measured":[81,101],"by":[82],"2-step":[84],"time-to-digital":[85],"converter.":[86],"Assuming":[87],"slope":[90],"constant,":[92],"can":[94],"calculate":[95],"input-signal":[97],"from":[99],"vector.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
